The development of the Internet of Things to this day is no longer a concept that is far away from our lives. Nowadays, almost everyone has access to the Internet and Wi-Fi in their homes, and many people use 4G networks, so not only smartphones, but also wearables, smart homes and even cars have become networks. A link in life.
The above mentioned are small concepts based on individuals, and once the concept of the Internet of Things is expanded, it will lead to a topic of more people's quality of life - smart city. Conceptually, the essence of a smart city is to use advanced information technology to realize the intelligent management and operation of the city, attach importance to the economic development of the wide-area, and use low-cost, high-speed communication and information technology to promote economic development and public welfare. People in the city create a better life and promote harmonious and sustainable growth of the city. The more simple language to describe is to use the network and information technology and terminals to bring greater convenience to the life of the city.
As the most important part of a city, architecture is undoubtedly the preferred transformation target for smart cities. Whether it is a public building such as a shopping mall or an office building or a private building such as a residential building, it is necessary to invest a special mind in order to complete the intelligent change.
Different design concepts
In the planning and design phase, intelligent buildings must be planned from the basic uses of drainage, power supply, security, fire protection and construction. Generally speaking, in the design stage, the traditional building only needs to pay attention to the design of the stair structure. If it is a smart building, it must take into account the factors such as power supply, information equipment and data communication to form a complete wiring system. . The individual spatial units are connected together at the initial design stage, and this can be used as a basic element of a smart building.
Although the addition of integrated wiring system in buildings will increase the cost of the entire project, from the many cases at home and abroad, the increased cost is generally about 2% of the total cost, the maximum will not exceed 5%, the investment cost The ratio is not too big. However, once the integrated wiring system is set up, it will inevitably increase the utility function and increase the use value of the building.
At present, office buildings of many large electronics companies, including the United States and Japan, have wired equipment automation and building communication networks, such as NEC, Panasonic, Toshiba, etc., and these companies have well-equipped equipment systems. The design of the equipment and the building is well integrated. Including public dining halls, parking lots and other places, everyone can see the current situation.
At the same time, environmental protection is also an important part of the concept of intelligent building. If the integrated wiring products are green and environmentally friendly, they can improve the efficiency of building use, so that they have good receiving and reflecting capabilities, timely information exchange, and improve work efficiency. Then it is to improve the safety, comfort and convenience of buildings, such as the security, monitoring, access control and other intelligent management systems of intelligent buildings, while also achieving good energy-saving effects and reducing the labor costs of equipment.
For example, the famous IKAROS House in Germany is known to many people for making full use of solar energy. The project uses a variety of green technologies such as solar panels, vacuum insulation panels, efficient mechanical systems and natural ventilation.
Internal facilities combined with the Internet of Things
With the popularity of IoT products, these buildings with intelligent features can be better integrated with all IoT devices in the building, not only to improve the office efficiency of the staff in the building, but also to meet emergency situations such as fires. In the first time, the emergency plan is initiated to notify all personnel to evacuate at a time, showing the flow of people in each escape route and exit, and providing basic communication guarantee for the fire and security system.
The internal facilities can also be connected to a variety of sensors, in addition to providing convenience for safe fire protection, but also bring more environmental protection contributions. For example, France Telecom has installed sensors in various areas of Cagne to monitor, measure and control the urban environment, including water supply systems for public buildings, street lighting control systems and environmental control systems, as well as wireless networks for seaside street lights and sea surface temperatures. The monitor is covered in all directions, and the pollution detector is used to monitor carbon dioxide, noise, ultraviolet light, wind speed, air pressure, temperature, etc. in real time, and then the data is provided to relevant government departments for reference during municipal construction. According to France Telecom's estimates, Cagne's street lighting accounts for 40% of the city's energy consumption, and with sensors, urban street lighting and maintenance costs can be reduced by 20% to 30%.
In addition, not only public places, but also our residential buildings can be more convenient through smart buildings. For example, the water, electricity, gas and broadband tariffs that are closely related to our daily life can be pushed to the residents' mobile phones in real time through the network of intelligent buildings, and can be paid directly through the mobile phone after confirmation, without having to queue up at the business outlets. In addition, community parking lots, security cameras, user repairs, etc. can be integrated with the property network, allowing residents to see the surrounding environment of their homes anytime, anywhere.
For public places such as shopping malls with a larger flow of people, the role of smart buildings has considerable but great potential. All shops can submit their promotional offers to the integrated server of the mall, and then the mall will be pushed to the consumers who enter the mall according to certain rules, so that the advertisers can promote the advertisements and consumers. Targeted to achieve their goals.
Post-maintenance is a huge system
However, as a smart building, the operational maintenance after the completion of the construction also has considerable market potential. Including routine maintenance, retrofits, spare parts and various technical services, new functions can be brought about through continuous improvement of system software services.
First of all, if the hardware device can adopt the modular concept, it will undoubtedly provide great convenience for the later product configuration upgrade. We all know that the replacement of technology products is very fast, and in stark contrast to the life of buildings is usually decades. Therefore, hardware replacement must be characterized by convenience, low cost and sustainable upgrade. Secondly, the maintenance of network software should be continuously improved and repaired according to the different needs of intelligent building functions in different periods, such as for winter and In the summer, different temperature requirements, commuting peaks and holidays, etc., must constantly update the system to fully play the role of intelligent buildings; and finally the professional equipment, in addition to hardware repair and replacement, system operation and upgrade maintenance It also requires very professional talents. Therefore, in addition to the developers and builders of intelligent buildings, the cultivation of intelligent building maintenance personnel by universities and professional institutions is also a long-term process.
Buildings should consider whether they are sustainable buildings. What can be achieved by sustainable buildings can achieve such effects. One is economical, ecological, humanized, harmless and intensive. How to save money, we must consider the intelligent building from the completion of the user to use, in the whole life cycle, to save energy, water and materials, set smart buildings to suit local conditions.
to sum up
The future of smart cities will be the development goal of major cities in the world, and as the most important part of a smart city, the development level of smart buildings will determine the speed of transformation of smart cities. Whether it is a large enterprise or a residential area, the benefits and convenience brought by smart buildings will have unlimited potential.
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