Today, the land of China is talking about "the 30 years of reform and opening up", because in the past 30 years, China has indeed undergone earth-shaking changes. How to look at the 30 years of the standby bed industry, of course, the wise see wisdom, benevolent see benevolence. Looking at the side of the mountain into a peak, a mustard grass can also talk and talk.
Looking at the 30-year revolution from the figures China's statistics, because the statistical methods and calculation methods are not the same, may not be consistent with international reports, but the general reference is still possible. From 1980 to 2007, the changes in the total output of China's metal processing machine tools and the development of the industrial output value of the machine tool industry are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
In the following two charts, I have selected some of the statistics for the year. In terms of quantity or production value, China's 30 years of rapid growth is unique in the history of machine tools in the world. However, it can also be found that this process of progress is not a straight rise or a spiral rise, but a storm, a twist, and especially after a wave of peaks in the early 1990s, it fell into a trough for three consecutive years at the end of the last century. At that time, the machine tool industry was worried. This situation has not changed since 1999 and turned into a strong rebound.
However, during this period, the state’s concern for the machine tool industry has not stopped for a moment. For example, the machine tool industry supporting Shanghai and Fuyang has undergone technological transformation through World Bank loans; in 1997, the state supported the machine tool industry to promote industrialization; from the “Sixth Five-Year Planâ€, “Seventh Five-Year Planâ€, “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Plan†The state has allocated funds to support the establishment of numerical control technology; in particular, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" in 2006, which greatly accelerated the pace of advancement of machine tool enterprises.
Time, place, people and the rise of the machine tool industry In particular, what prompted the rise of China's machine tool industry? I think it can be analyzed from the three aspects of time, place, people and these aspects.
Author: Mr. Xu Zhengping, Senior Engineer, Shanghai Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd.
First of all, it has received great attention from the party and state leaders. It is precisely because the government's top management is deeply aware of the important position of the machine tool industry in the national economy and its active role in the national defense industry. The state has successively issued a series of policies to support enterprise development, such as domestic demand pull, loans, tax rebates, VAT deductions. Reward the achievements of science and technology, and even consider measures such as the government to buy out the first new products.
At the same time, reform and opening up have contributed to the promotion of the great development of the manufacturing industry. It has effectively promoted the shift of the focus of the world's manufacturing industry to China and turned China into a manufacturing plant in the world. With the continuous double-digit growth of the GDP index, the corresponding high-speed development of the machine tool industry as the working machine is also a matter of course.
Finally, we can easily find that the times create heroes. After the big waves, a group of outstanding entrepreneurs emerged—whether it is a state-owned enterprise or a private enterprise. It is they who work hard and tirelessly lead their employees to struggle. The progress of China's machine tool industry today is inseparable from their efforts.
What happened on the macro level?
1. The national machine tool layout is changing
The start of the new China machine tool industry began with the country's first five-year plan, benefiting from the help of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. At that time, the key backbone of the machine tool was called “18 Arhatsâ€, and the layout focused on the Northeast (Qiqihar, Fuyang, Dalian, etc.), North China (Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan), Shanghai and other three. For Shanghai alone, it includes Shanghai Machine Tool Plant (5,000 employees) and Shanghai Machine Tool Corporation (56 companies, 20,000 employees). At that time, it produced the most varieties and the most complete sets of products in the country.
Today, thirty years later, this pattern has completely changed. Due to the country's key support, the northeast machine tool is currently in the forefront of the country; and with the rise of coastal private enterprises, the machine tool industry in the eastern region can not be underestimated, and their machine tool output has occupied the whole country. Most of them, Zhejiang Province even called the export number "to become the largest province in China's manufacturing industry"; but the shrinking of Shanghai is very powerful, because Shanghai emphasizes the establishment of international financial, commercial, shipping centers, and pillar products are also positioned. In terms of steel, automobiles, petrochemicals, shipbuilding, etc., the total output value of more than 1 billion yuan of machine tools is really not ranked.
2. The structural system of the enterprise is changing In 1980, there were 137 statistical enterprises in China's machine tool industry, basically all state-owned enterprises, with 284,200 employees, total industrial output value of 2.04 billion yuan, and only 367 CNC machine tools. In 2007, China's machine tool industry enterprises reached 1,030, with 171,000 employees, an output value of 75.6 billion yuan, and 123,000 CNC machine tools. It is the world's largest CNC machine tool output (but mostly low-end CNC machine tools).
It should be pointed out that the state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises that originally had a large number of employees have gradually transformed. The so-called “national retreat and advancement†is the private enterprise and joint venture that has been transformed into a small enterprise since the reform and opening up. Or foreign-funded enterprises, gradually occupying the weight of the machine tool industry.
3. In the past 30 years since the international status was promoted, the status of China's machine tool industry has also been continuously improved. It ranks first in the world in terms of consumption and imports, with output value ranking third, exporting eighth (Taiwan ranked fourth), and currently exporting 1,000. Nearly 20 machine tool companies with more than 10,000 US dollars. At the same time, in terms of capital operation, it has developed from foreign investment in China to the time we went abroad to acquire and merge foreign companies. In the past, it was not even a dream.
In addition, I would also like to point out that there are four international machine tool exhibitions influential in the world today, namely EMO (Hanover, Germany, Milan, Rotary), IMTS (Chicago, USA), JIMTOF (Tokyo, Japan), CIMT (China) Beijing) Although the venue area of ​​Beijing's exhibition halls is not as large as that of other people, the popularity of the audience in Beijing has been the most popular in recent years, and the booths are also the most scarce. The unprecedented enthusiasm for CIMT 2009 is a testimony.
It is also worth noting that the number of foreign manufacturers, governments or non-governmental organizations looking for cooperation and business negotiations with the China Machine Tool Industry Association is increasing; in the international standardization and other specialization committees, the number of Chinese representatives is increasing, the fact is just like the Chinese machine tool industry. Mr. Liang Xunqi asserted in the past few years that "the Chinese machine tool industry has entered the first phalanx of the world."
4. The products continue to be graded. Looking at the strength of a country's machine tool manufacturing industry, not only the output and output value, but also the manufacturing level and product grade. After entering the 21st century, the energy level of China's machine tool products also increased in tandem with the output value, mainly in the following aspects.
a. Variety The world's high-end advanced machine tools, such as composite machining centers, five-axis linkage machining centers, inverted machining centers, parallel machine tools, laser sheet metal processing machines, CNC rotary head presses, etc., can be produced in China, and some Can export. Like parallel machine tools, China has developed a combination of production, education and research, and has also studied deeply in the combination of series and parallel.
Some of these advanced technologies are derived from the acquisition of foreign companies or the purchase of technology. They are also developed after digestion and absorption. Anyway, most of the core technologies that are embargoed against China are no strangers to us. It is. For example, the two-joint rotary technology of the milling head for machining the blade, the tilting of the rotary table, the box structure of the lying box, etc., we have mastered it quite handy.
b. Specifications Extreme manufacturing is the most difficult to manufacture, the so-called extreme is extremely large and very small. At present, China's achievements in the vast field have attracted worldwide attention. For example, the processing of large-scale marine crankshafts, because we have overcome the difficulties of red-sleeve technology, and the successful development of large-scale sleeper and CNC crankshaft grinding, our crankshaft is getting better and better. Large, even Japan, South Korea and other countries have ordered from us; whenever we visit the domestic CNC machine tool exhibition, the dazzling array of large-scale domestic machine tools is dazzling, the most representative gantry pentahedron machining center and the gantry five-axis linkage machining center exhibits It is also rich and diverse. China has matured in the moving beam mobile technology of Longmen Machining Center. Some domestic gantry machining centers have been able to realize automatic head change technology.
As for the smallest, we are also developing, such as nano-grinders in cooperation with the United States, and nano-machining centers in cooperation with Japan.
c. The core technology of the system CNC machine tool lies in the numerical control system. At the beginning, FANUC sold to us three-axis and two-link linkage, and the clever Chinese people studied the soft program and the breaker rod setting, so that the three-axis three-link linkage can be realized, then the three-axis The linked foreign CNC system will lift the ban on China.
The same is true for the five-axis linkage CNC system. Today's domestically controlled systems control the number of machine axes is no longer a problem. For example, Shanghai Kaitong has long developed a system that can control more than 10 axes, but it is more difficult to achieve five-axis linkage. It is worthy of pride that Huazhong CNC has made unremitting efforts to develop a five-axis linkage CNC system with independent intellectual property rights, which laid the foundation for the development of China's CNC machine tools. In addition, Dalian Guangyang, Nanjing Sikai, Shanghai Kaitong, etc. have also successfully developed a five-axis linkage CNC system.
Having a long way to go and climbing the peak above only reflects the rapid progress of China's machine tool industry in the past 30 years. It does not mean that we have achieved perfect results. Objectively speaking, we are interested in Germany, Japan and Italy. Compared with the machine tool manufacturing countries such as Switzerland, our gap is still not small. In these respects, you must keep your head clear.
It is worth reflecting that due to the lack of innovation, our steps basically follow others. The grades of our CNC machine tools mostly only stay in the middle and low grades. Although the quality of machine tools is much higher than before, the average of the system and machine tools. The trouble-free time is still unsatisfactory; for large machine tools, the delivery date is also a big problem to be overcome, which seriously affects our business reputation; and, in terms of exports, China’s outward degree (ie, export products) The value of this product is only 15.3% of the total output value of the products, Germany and Japan are 72% and 53% respectively, and the value of Taiwan Province of China is as high as 78%, so calmly think about it, China can only be regarded as a manufacturing power. And it is by no means a strong country.
Nowadays, when the international financial turmoil is encountered, the economies of various countries are diving, and the Chinese machine tool industry is certainly unable to escape this catastrophe. The corresponding impact has already been revealed and is deepening.
Recalling the 2005 Guilin meeting, the former Minister of Machinery Industry He Guangyuan screamed that the low level of repeatability of Chinese machine tools is a major drawback! Many companies are eager for quick success, and they are all entangled in the competition of Liga and several cars. As a result, they are selling at a reduced price and the quality is poor. And the production of large-scale high-end equipment, such as Beiyi, Wuzhong, Kunji, Qier, Qizhong, etc., business is so good that even orders can not be picked up.
In the 30 years of China's machine tools, all the way to the wind, the face of the current crisis, it should be said that we have the ability to withstand the pressure. China is a big developing country. As long as there is demand for manufacturing, it is inseparable from the working machine. Today's government has invested 4 trillion yuan to turn the tide, which is undoubtedly good news for the machine tool industry. Generally speaking, one percent of the national investment will be used to purchase process equipment, so the outlook does not have to be excessively pessimistic; at the same time, foreign investment in China is still continuing, like Shanghai Pudong, the investment quota for the first three quarters is not The decline in the rise also shows that the world's confidence in the development of China's manufacturing industry is not diminished.
At the same time, we should also understand that there is a time lag between the investment and the lagging process. For the machine tool industry, it will not be seen in a few months. In the early days of China's reform and opening up, the machine tool industry did not see much improvement. It was only after the great development of the manufacturing industry that “blowout†appeared. Therefore, it is estimated that the situation will start at least next year. Moreover, the beneficiaries are not equal to each other. Of course, the best and the strong are the first to benefit, so it is inevitable to turn off a batch of enterprises. On this occasion, some savvy entrepreneurs are not excluded. On the contrary, they feel that they are an excellent opportunity for bargain-hunting. They are buying and merging the brains of other companies. The target is not only domestic but also foreign.
Thousands of sails on the side of the sinking boat, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree. After 30 years of wind and rain, the Chinese machine tool industry has to undergo a big test. History is like this. When the big waves wash the sand, who can become the mainstay, who is the strongest in the new round of the machine tool industry.
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