The purpose of pest control before the flower is to kill and control the diseases and insects after wintering, and to reduce the number of pests after wintering and the bacterial strain of the bacteria to a very low level, so as to ensure that there is no threat of pests and diseases in the early stage of grape growth. To lay the foundation for the future pest control.
The specific strategy is as follows:
"ç‹ " or "é‡é‡". According to the comprehensive prevention and control concept, it is necessary to pose a substantial risk in the production of grapes.
For all pests and diseases that are harmful, the strategy is “pre- and post-protection†or “pre-reinforcementâ€. That is to say, the measures in the early stage should be squatting and heavy, so that the base of pests and diseases can be lowered to a very low level; in the later stage, especially before and after the maturity, protection measures are taken with safety measures. Therefore, before flowering, it is one of the key points to prevent pests and diseases throughout the year.
specific measure:
In general, you can divide the flowering into four stages:
(1) 2-3 leaf stage
Phases 2-3 are very important defenses against red spider, felt disease, green blind, powdery mildew and black pox.
Period of governance. Therefore, there are measures such as red spider, felt disease, green blind mites, powdery mildew, black pox disease, orchards and plots.
From the climatic point of view, drought before and after germination, or dry areas in spring, red spider, felt disease, green blind mites, powdery mildew is the focus of prevention and control; areas with humid climate and heavy rain, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew are Key points of prevention and treatment.
Pesticides that can be used:
Control red spider, felt disease, use acaricide, such as: 16% red 1500 times, 哒螨 spirit and so on.
To control green blind mites, use insecticides , such as: 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times, phoxim, imidacloprid and so on.
To prevent and control powdery mildew, use triazole bactericide, such as 10% US ammonium 600 times, 40% stable bacteria 8000 times, 12.5% ​​diniconazole 3000 times, 10% doubled 600-800 times, 10% diphenyl ether ring Azole 1500-2000 times, Teflon and the like.
To prevent and cure black pox, use fungicides, such as 80% essential 400 times, mildew, stable bacteria, diniconazole, difenoconazole and so on.
For the prevention and treatment of anthrax, the use of fungicides , such as 10% US ammonium 600 times, 80% must 400 times.
To prevent downy mildew, use fungicides, such as 80% essential 400 times, 78% Cobo 600-800 times, Bordeaux liquid, Cork and so on.
specific measure:
Southern vineyards (generally the mega-species):
Generally, the vineyard 2 to 3 leaf period 80% must be 400 times;
General rain-fed vineyards: 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times +80% must-have 400 times; or 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times +10% difenoconazole 1500-2000 times; or 10% annihilation 2000 - 3000 times +78% Cobo 600 times;
Generally, there are green blind owls in the vineyard: 80% of the 2-3 leaf stage must be 400 times + 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times;
Green blind mites and anthrax can be used with a 10% US ammonium 600 times + 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times;
Green blind, powdery mildew, black pox can be used with 40% stable bacteria 8000 times +10% annihilation 2000-3000 times; or +10% annihilation 2000-3000 times +10% difenoconazole 1500-2000 Times
Green blind mites, anthracnose, black pox disease can be used 80% essential 400 times +10% annihilation 2000-3000 times;
Powdery mildew occurs more commonly and heavier: using 600% to 800 times of 10% US ammonium; or 1500-2000 times using 10% difenoconazole;
Green blind mites, anthracnose, powdery mildew, black pox are relatively heavy: use 80% essential 400 times + 10% US ammonium 800 times + 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times; or 80% essential 400 times + 10% benzene Ether methyl carbazole 1500-2000 times +10% annihilation 2000-3000 times.
(2) Inflorescence exhibition period
Prevention and control of pests and diseases in inflorescence exhibition stage: Inflorescence exposure period is a very important prevention and control point for controlling anthracnose, black pox, spotted wax, and boron deficiency. During the inflorescence separation period, the measures taken and taken are effective for controlling felt disease, green blind mites, powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, etc., and should be based on climatic conditions.
From the climatic point of view, the inflorescences show drought, or in the dry areas of spring, spotted wax mites, red spiders, felt disease, green blind mites, powdery mildew are the key points of prevention and control; areas with humid climate, more rain, black pox, anthrax Disease, downy mildew is the focus of prevention and treatment.
Can be used:
The agent for controlling red spider, felt disease, green blind, powdery mildew, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew is the same as the agent of 2-3 leaf stage; the agent for controlling gray mold is: 50% Fumei double 600- 800 times, 78% Cobo 600-800 times, 40% pyrimethanil 800 times and so on.
specific measure:
General vineyards (pest and disease are relatively light): you can not use pesticides, but you should pay attention to the removal of powdery mildew disease; if you do not use pesticides in the 2-3 leaf stage, you should use a 10% US ammonium 600 times, or 80% essential 400 times, or 50% Fami Double 800 times, or 78% Cobo 800 times.
Vineyards with heavier anthracnose: 600 times 10% US ammonium, or 800 times 25% AM amide.
Black pox, anthracnose-heavy vineyards: use 10% US ammonium 600 times +80% must-have 400 times.
Black pox, white rot, anthracnose-heavy vineyards: use 40% of the stable bacteria 8000 times +80% must-have 400 times.
Black pox occurs in a relatively heavy vineyard, using 80% essential 400 times.
Black pox, powdery mildew occurs in a relatively heavy vineyard, using 10% US ammonium 600 times +80% must 400 times or 40% stable bacteria 8000 times, or 12.5% ​​diniconol 2500 times, or 10% benzene Ether methyl carbazole 1500-2000 times and the like.
Powdery mildew occurs in a relatively heavy vineyard, using 10% ammonium chloride 600 times, or 10% difenoconazole 1500-2000 times.
Vineyards with black pox, anthracnose and downy mildew: 80% must be 400 times.
In vineyards with spotted wax mites, insecticides should be added. 10% annihilation 2000-3000 times. For example: black vaccinia, anthrax-heavy vineyards, the harm of spotted wax mites: use 10% US ammonium 600 times +80% must 400 times +10% annihilation 3000 times.
(3) Inflorescence separation period
Considering the control points of pests and diseases, the inflorescence separation period is an important control point for controlling gray mold, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew and cob brown blight, and is the most important control point before flowering. A vineyard with spotted wax mites, combined with insecticides. It is the most important period for boron supplementation. There are vineyards with large and small particles caused by boron deficiency, no capping, and tight inflorescence. It is 2000 times of 20% speed boron (can be mixed with other chemicals).
From the climatic considerations: the climate is dry and dry, and pesticides can be used as appropriate according to the prevention and control of the previous year and the previous year; if the climate is humid, or where there is more rain, it is necessary to take preventive measures, and adjust the prevention according to the occurrence of diseases in the previous year. Measures.
Serious diseases occur in the vineyard from pests and diseases, and measures taken during the inflorescence separation period should be aggravated.
Can be used:
78% Cobo 800 times: protective fungicide, can simultaneously control gray mold, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew, cob brown blight, broad-spectrum and efficient.
10% US ammonium 600 times: with systemic, special effects on powdery mildew and anthrax.
50% of the sea 1200-1600 times: effective for gray mold, cob brown blight.
40% stable bacteria 8000 times: special effects on black pox, powdery mildew and white rot.
20% Su Le Boron 2000 times: the treatment of boron deficiency caused by large and small particles, no capping, tight flowering and other issues.
specific measure:
General situation: 78% Cobo 800 times + 20% speed music boron 2000 times.
Orchard with severe rotten cobs: 78% Cobo 800 times + 50% Phain 1600 times + 20% Su Le Boron 2000 times.
Orchard with black pox, powdery mildew and white rot is more serious: 78% Cobo 800 times + 40% stable bacteria 8000 times + 20% speed music boron 2000 times.
Orchard, black pox disease is more serious orchard: 78% Cobo 800 times + 10% US ammonium 600 times + 20% speed Le Boron 2000 times.
Orchard with black pox and downy mildew: 78% Cobo 800 times + 50% Cork 2500 times + 20% Speed ​​Le Boron 2000 times.
Note: Red Earth grapes, use Qibao, long inflorescence.
(4) 2-4 days before flowering
Considering the control points of pests and diseases, it is consistent with the insolation period before flowering, and it is a control point for diseases such as gray mold, black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew, and cob brown blight. It is a pest such as a winged moth and a scarab. The prevention and control point is also one of the most important periods for boron supplementation.
From a climatic perspective: the climate is dry and dry, using a 50% carbendazim 600 times; if the climate is humid, or where there is more rain, it needs to be adjusted.
Consider the history of pests and diseases in the vineyard.
Can be used:
50% carbendazim 600 times or 70% thiophanate 800 times: can simultaneously control gray mold, black pox disease, anthracnose, cob brown blight, broad spectrum but generally effective, will be used in critical periods Key role.
10% US ammonium 600 times: with systemic, special effects on powdery mildew and anthrax.
50% of the sea 1200-1600 times: effective for gray mold, cob brown blight.
50% Cork 2500 -3000 times: special effects against downy mildew.
40% pyrimethanil 800-1000 times: an excellent agent for controlling gray mold.
10% polyoxymycin 1500 times: an excellent agent for controlling cob brown blight, effective for gray mold.
20% Su Le Boron 2000 times: the treatment of boron deficiency caused by large and small particles, no capping, tight flowering and other issues.
specific measure:
General situation: 50% carbendazim 600 times (or 70% thiophanate 800 times) + 20% speed music boron 2000 times.
Orchard with more serious anthracnose: 50% carbendazim 600 times (or 70% thiophanate 800 times) + 10% ammonium sulphate 600 times + 20% selebrex boron 2000 times.
Spring rain, anthrax, black pox, downy mildew orchard: 70% thiophanate 800 times + 10% US ammonium 600 times + 50% Cork 2500 times + 20% speed music boron 2000 times.
Orchard with more serious gray mold: 40% pyrimethanil 800-1000 times.
There are pests such as the winged moth and the scarab, and the insecticide is added to the above measures, such as 10% annihilation 2000 times. Therefore, the general situation is: 50% carbendazim 600 times + 20% speed music boron 2000 times + 10% annihilation 2000 times.
Fourth, common mistakes
In the prevention and control of pests and diseases before the flowering of the grapes, some wrong practices are often seen, summarized as follows:
(1) Do not use pesticides before flowering.
Wrong point: If you don't see the disease, or if you see the disease is very light, you will relax the prevention and treatment and take no measures.
Reason: Before germination and before flowering, the number of diseases is in the accumulation stage, and people often do not see the disease. However, after the germination of the grapes, various pests and diseases begin to take action, and powdery mildew, black pox, anthracnose, gray mold, etc. must take measures.
The prevention and treatment of diseases is carried out according to the law of occurrence of diseases; the prevention and control of pests is carried out in the period when the pests are the weakest and there is no harm.
Correct practice: Use 1-4 pesticides according to the pest and disease conditions of the vineyard and weather conditions, and cooperate with other measures.
(2) Choosing pesticide errors, the effect is very poor.
Wrong point: There is no symptomatic medication.
Reason: Grab the control point, and do not use pesticides according to the situation of pests and diseases in the field.
For anthracnose: inflorescence exposure, inflorescence separation, and three pre-flowering control points, but before inflorescence separation and flowering, it is more important than inflorescence exposure period, when rain is more than when rain is less important. For downy mildew, it is not an important disease before flowering. However, if the winter is wet and muddy (or covered with heavy snow) and spring rain is more, inflorescence separation and flowering are two very important control points, and the location of spraying pesticides: Inflorescences are more important than leaves, and leaf backs are more important than leaf fronts. For black pox and powdery mildew, the 2-3 leaf stage is the most important control point, and then, before and after flowering, the prevention and treatment measures can cure both black pox and powdery mildew.
So, are there important pests and diseases in your vineyard? So, when should you take measures? When taking measures, do you consider it comprehensive? These questions must be understood!
The right approach: use pesticides according to the specific conditions of the vineyard, not relying on a special effect pesticide to solve our problems!
(3) The measures are not in place.
Wrong point: the use of pesticides is uneven and not thoughtful.
Reason: Controlling downy mildew before flowering, spraying pesticides: the most important inflorescence, the second in the back of the leaf, the third in the front of the leaf; the prevention of anthracnose before flowering: last year's branches, new branches, inflorescences and inflorescences this year . Therefore, after selecting a pesticide, be sure to spray the pesticide to the location. Otherwise, the control effect will be greatly reduced!
The correct approach: spray pesticides, be uniform, thoughtful, and sprayed to the location.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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