Surface activity: The property of lowering the surface tension of a solution due to adsorption (positive adsorption) of a solute on a surface is called surface activity.
Surfactants are extremely versatile and have five main aspects.
1, wetting effect
Surfactants can reduce the surface tension of the liquid and change the contact angle to achieve the desired purpose.
2, foaming effect
A "bubble" is a gas surrounded by a liquid film. Surfactants and water can form a film of a certain strength, which surrounds the air to form a foam, which is used for floating beneficiation, foam fire extinguishing and washing decontamination. The active agent is called a foaming agent.
Sometimes it is necessary to use an antifoaming agent. In the process of making sugar and making traditional Chinese medicine, there is too much foam. It is necessary to add appropriate surfactant to reduce the strength of the film, eliminate bubbles and prevent accidents.
3. Solubilization
The solubility of non-polar organic substances such as benzene in water is very small. When a surfactant such as sodium oleate is added, the solubility of benzene in water is greatly increased, which is called solubilization.
Solubilization is different from the general dissolution concept. Solubilized benzene is not uniformly dispersed in water, but is dispersed in micelles formed by oleate molecules.
It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that various micelles increased in different degrees after compatibilization, and the dependence of the whole solution did not change much.
4, emulsification
A coarse dispersion of one or more liquids dispersed in a liquid having a diameter greater than 10-7 m in another immiscible liquid is referred to as an emulsion.
To make it stable, an emulsifier must be added. Depending on the structure of the emulsifier, an oil-in-water emulsion (o/w) in which water is the continuous phase or a water-in-oil emulsion (w/o) in the continuous phase can be formed.
Sometimes another surfactant, called a demulsifier, is added to destroy the emulsion. The dispersed phase in the emulsion is separated from the dispersion medium. For example, in crude oil, a demulsifier is required to separate the oil from the water.
5, washing effect
A variety of auxiliary ingredients are usually added to the detergent to increase the wetting effect on the object to be cleaned, and to have the functions of foaming, whitening, and occupying the clean surface without being contaminated again. This article comes from: PVC additives http://provided.
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