Transgenic = genetic jump queue
Rationale: Insert genes that perform other traits, such as "insect resistance" and "resistance to herbicide" genes, on the basis of the original gene sequence. Genes adjacent to the inserted gene are not affected.
Role: The use of transgenic insect pests in body fluids and human and animal gastrointestinal acidity is different, highly specialized expression of insect resistance, thereby reducing the spraying process, does not affect human health and protect the environment
â– Tianfu Morning Post reporter Zhong Fan photography Hua Xiaofeng intern Yang Xiaomei
The debate on the safety of "GM" has continued for many years. In the end, what is the reason? What is the mysterious transgene? With these questions, a reporter from the Tianfu Zaobao yesterday entered the Sichuan Agricultural University's crop genetically modified experimental base to unveil the mysteries of genetic modification.
Genetically modified experiment base mysterious
Sichuan Agricultural University's crop genetically modified experimental base is located in Wenjiang. The entire base consists of a genetically modified laboratory and an experimental field. The laboratory is on the campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, and the test field is seven or eight minutes away from the school.
Experimental field: Cement exterior wall isolates it
Professor Li Ping, director of the Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, first brought us to the experimental field. In the fair town, a field test field gate is locked, and a concrete outer wall of about 2 meters high separates it from the outside world. There is no special sign at the entrance.
Pushing the door in, a main channel separates the crop from left to right, and the golden rice is heavily bent down into a certain arc, which does not look like ordinary rice. This experimental plot covers a total of 18 acres and is planted with genetically modified rice, corn and wheat. Walking along the main road, several greenhouses came into view. “This is to grow some genetically modified crops on a smaller scale,†said Li Ping.
The experimental base was completed in 2000. The main purpose of the harvested crop is not to eat. “A portion will be used as a seed, and it will be planted and tested for the genetic traits it displays in the coming year. The remaining unused crops will be destroyed according to national regulations.†Li Ping Say.
Lab: No "Genes" were seen on the door
After leaving the field and returning to school, we came to the genetically modified laboratory. The laboratory on the whole floor is divided into many areas, such as the molecular biology laboratory and the microbiology laboratory... but I have never seen the “transgene†logo on the house. Faced with such doubts, Li Ping explained while walking: “These labs are all used as genetically modified experiments, and are not separate ones.â€
After entering one of the molecular biology laboratories, several experimental instruments were marked with the word “transgenicâ€. Li Ping pointed to one of the white square instruments and told reporters, “This is used for gene transfer.†Opposite the molecular biology laboratory, it is an experimental operation room separated by glass doors. “This is used for aseptic cultivation.†Li Ping said that after years of research, it is now in the experimental base. The transgenic rice has already reached the application level.
Transgenic Rice Magic
"At this stage, the research of genetically modified rice is also mainly focused on the 'insect resistance' and 'herbicide resistance' aspects." Li Ping said that the most important role of these two technologies is to reduce production costs and protect the ecological environment.
Mainly pest and herbicide resistance
"In more general terms, the so-called transgenes are like 'swapping queues', except that genes that express other traits are inserted on the basis of the original gene sequences." Li Ping said that the genes adjacent to the inserted genes were not affected.
After studying GM rice for many years, Li Ping tried to eat GM rice. "Actually, in terms of appearance and taste, there is no difference in genetic modification." It does not change the appearance and taste. What is the main role of "GM"?
In China, the earliest application of transgenic technology was cotton. Since the 1990s, the outbreak of cotton bollworm has brought a huge threat to cotton production. It is the applied transgenic technology that effectively controls the pests. “At this stage, the research of genetically modified rice is also mainly focused on 'insect resistance' and 'herbicide resistance'.†Li Ping said that the biggest role of these two technologies is to reduce production costs and protect the ecological environment.
Regarding “insect resistance,†Li Ping explained that when farmers use rice to use pesticides, they often have abusive conditions. Over time, the ecological damage is very serious. Transgenic plants, however, utilize pest fluids and human and animal gastrointestinal acids and bases, and are highly specialized in expressing insect resistance. "This will kill pests without affecting human health."
Transgenes determine safety
Because the safety of genetically modified foods has been questioned many times, it has led to the “change of smell†status. In this regard, Li Ping said, "The safety of genetically modified foods determines the safety of genetically modified foods." In transgenic rice, such as insect-resistant genes are extracted from wild rice and some microorganisms. Therefore, the introduction of its insect-resistant genes into ordinary rice will not cause adverse effects on the human body.
Given the public's doubts about genetic modification, the safety assessment procedures for genetically modified crops are also cumbersome. These safety assessments were carried out by specialized agencies. “The Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences has a special inspection center.†Li Ping said.
Li Ping explained that for genetically modified rice, the GM rice developed will first be fed to mice, “giving a lot of feed under the conditions that simulate the normal growth environment.†After detecting the mice without abnormal conditions, the next step will continue to be done. The test was conducted to feed rice to pigs and monkeys. "Because pigs and monkeys have high gene sequencing and human similarity, the use of this principle of substantial equivalence was used to detect the safety of rice." After feeding, pigs and monkeys were tested one by one through the instrument. The various organs and reproductive functions, etc., to prove the safety of transgenes. When testing on animals, it is also in the environment where crops are grown and simultaneous detection is done from the perspective of soil and biomes. Finally, volunteers are invited to try it out. After these steps are completed, a security assessment can be completed. Despite the adoption of the safety assessment, experts will try again if there is any new challenge to the genetically modified food.
â– Expert opinion
In the future, genetic modification will be an option for modern agriculture
"We have calculated that an acre of genetically modified rice can save about 200 yuan in pesticides, weeding and other costs," said Li Ping. At the same time, the ecological environment has also been well protected. "The most ideal state is that rice can be grown in paddy fields." It is also possible to raise fish and form more ecological layers."
In rural areas, young and strong people are working in cities, and the labor force is being reduced. Genetically modified crops can reduce production processes by reducing the number of pesticides and fertilizers. “Originally, one person can only plant one or two acres of land. It is a few acres.†In Li Ping’s view, genetically modified technology is an option for modern agriculture and an ecological and economical orientation.
â– News link
A few days ago, Global Times published Peng Guangqian’s article on “Generation of Eight Questions and Genetically Modified Grainsâ€, which raised doubts about the safety of genetically modified technology. Recently, Lin Min, a member of the GMO Safety Committee, accepted an interview with the reporter and gave a one-on-one response. In response, Lin Min said that genetically modified foods cause tumors, affect fertility, etc., which have been proved to be false by authoritative organizations. He also said that genetically modified foods that have obtained safety certificates have the same safety as non-genetically modified foods.
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