The normal operation of the roller crusher is determined in many respects to the degree of wear of the roll skin. Only when the roll skin is in good condition can a higher throughput be produced and a qualified product size discharged.
1. Construction of the roller crusher The roller crusher is composed of a crushing roller, an adjusting device, a spring safety device, a transmission device and a frame.
Crushing roller: It is a parallel rotating roller on the horizontal axis, which is the main working mechanism of the crusher. The bearing of one of the rollers (on the right in the figure) is movable, the bearing of the other roller is fixed, and the crushing roller is composed of a shaft, a hub and a roller skin. The roller shaft is keyed to the hub of the conical surface, the roller skin is fixed to the hub, and the three conical arc irons are used to fix them together by bolt nuts. Since the roll skin is in direct contact with the ore, it needs to be replaced from time to time, and it is generally made of high-manganese steel or special carbon steel (chrome steel, chrome-manganese steel, etc.) with good wear resistance.
Adjusting device: the adjusting device is used to adjust the size of the gap between the two crushing rollers (ie, the discharge port), which is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of gaskets between the two roller bearings, or by using a worm gear adjusting mechanism. This controls the particle size of the broken product.
Spring safety device: It is a very important part of the roller crusher. The degree of spring tension plays an important role in the normal operation and overload protection of the crusher. When the machine is working normally, the pressure of the spring should balance the force generated between the two rollers to maintain the gap between the discharge ports and make the product evenly uniform. When the crusher enters a non-broken object, the spring should be compressed, forcing the movable crushing roller to move laterally, and the width of the discharge opening is increased to ensure that the machine is not damaged. After the non-broken object is removed, the spring returns to its original state and the machine works as usual.
During the working process of the crusher, the safety spring is always in a vibrating state, so the spring is easily fatigued and damaged, and must be inspected frequently and replaced regularly.
Transmission: The motor drives the two crushing rollers to rotate in opposite directions by a V-belt (or gear reduction) and a pair of long-toothed gears. The gear is a special standard long tooth. When the crusher enters a non-broken object, the distance between the two rollers will change. At this time, the long tooth gear can still ensure normal meshing. However, such long-toothed gears are difficult to manufacture, often stuck or broken during work, gear repairs are also difficult, and noise is high during operation. Therefore, the long-toothed gear transmission is mainly used for a two-roller crusher with a low number of revolutions, and the peripheral speed of the surface of the roller is less than 3 m/sec. A crusher with a higher number of revolutions (circumferential speed greater than 4 m/s) often uses a separate motor to drive the two rollers to rotate, which requires the installation of two motors (or two sets of reduction gears), which is more expensive.
Rack: The frame is usually cast in cast iron. It can also be welded or riveted with steel. The frame structure must be strong.
Roller crushers have been slow to develop in recent years, but hydraulic devices have been used for adjustment and insurance of machine discharge ports, and multi-roller roll crushers (such as four-roll crushers) have emerged. The four-roller crusher is actually a combined two-roller crusher consisting of two pairs of roller machines of the same size in series, which are substantially identical in construction to the light-facing roller machine. This type of crusher uses two electric motors to drive the machine through a belt or gear reduction device.
2. Precautions during the use of the roller crusher The normal operation of the roller crusher is determined in many aspects by the degree of wear of the roll skin. Only when the roll skin is in good condition can a higher throughput be produced and a qualified product size discharged. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influencing factors of the roll skin abrasion and the problems that should be paid attention to during the operation; regularly check the roll skin wear condition and repair and replace it in time.
When the ore is broken, the roll skin is gradually worn. The main factors affecting the wear of the roll skin are: the hardness of the ore to be treated, the strength of the roll skin material, the surface shape and size of the roll, as well as the operating conditions, the feeding mode and the grain size of the ore.
The service life of the roll skin and the process specifications of the roll work depend on the uniformity of the distribution of the ore (material) along the entire length of the roll. If the material distribution is not uniform, the roll skin will not only wear quickly, but also an annular groove will appear on the surface of the roller, resulting in uneven particle size of the crushed product. Therefore, all the roller crushers except the coarse crushed single-roll crusher are provided with a feeder, and the length of the feeder should be equal to the length of the roller to ensure uniform feeding along the length of the roller. At the same time, in order to continuously feed the ore, the rotation speed of the feeder should be faster than the number of revolutions of the roller, about 1-3 times faster. In the operation of the crusher, it is also necessary to pay attention to the size of the ore block. If the ore mass is too large, it will produce a severe impact, and the roll skin will be seriously worn, especially when coarsely crushed.
In order to eliminate the uneven wear of the roll skin, when the crusher is running, it should always pay attention to the particle size of the crushed product, and one of the rollers should be moved once in the axial direction within a certain time, and the moving distance is approximately equal to the particle size of the ore. 1/3.
When it is necessary to change the crushing ratio and move the roller, the rollers must be moved in parallel to prevent the roller from being skewed, otherwise the roller skin will be quickly and unevenly worn, and in severe cases, an accident may occur.
The roller crusher has a large dust during operation and must be equipped with a closed safety cover. An access hole (inspection hole) should be placed on the cover to check the wear of the machine roller.
During the operation of the roller crusher, the safety operation rules should be strictly observed to prevent personal accidents caused by rolling the hand into the roller.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the roller crusher, attention should be paid to the lubrication of the machine. The lubrication of the sliding bearing can be carried out by periodically injecting thin oil or refueling with an oil cup; for lubrication of rolling bearings, a method of injecting heavy oil by using an oiler (or a pressure oiler) can be used.
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