The growing demand for neurological and cardiovascular diseases for implantable medical electronic devices is increasing, and the performance requirements are also increasing. Such electronic devices mainly include: intracardiac pressure sensors, cardiac pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, deep brain / neurostimulators, etc. Long-term in vivo implantation places high demands on the volume, stability and biocompatibility of implantable medical devices. The power source of existing implantable medical electronic devices mainly depends on commercial rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries. Such commercial batteries often have problems of heat generation, capacity reduction and internal denaturation during actual use. Once this type of power supply reaches the end of its life, the patient has to undergo a second operation to remove it from the body. This process will place a great burden on the patient's psychology and economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new power supply to power implantable electronic devices to provide a feasible solution for solving the above problems.
Implanted friction nano-generator (iTENG), as an energy conversion device that can be implanted into the body, has attracted widespread attention in the society for its unique working methods (triboelectricity and electrostatic induction) and effective energy conversion efficiency. iTENG can be used to collect different forms of biomechanical energy and effectively convert it into electrical energy. Such biomechanical energy can be derived from heartbeat, breathing, limb movement, and pulse beating. A large number of experiments have proved that the electrical energy converted by iTENG can be successfully used in cardiac pacing, health monitoring and cell tissue engineering. Recently, under the guidance of Wang Zhonglin, a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the Beijing Institute of Nano Energy and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, researcher Li Zhou, and professor Fan Yubo of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dr. Jiang Wen, doctoral students Li Hu and Liu Zhuo used five kinds Naturally degradable materials (cellulose / chitin / silk fibroin / rice paper / egg) have developed different types of pure natural biological fully absorbable friction nano-generators (BN-TENGs). This work conducted a combination test of five natural materials in two-by-two combinations and arranged their electrical sequences to provide research basis and data for the design of the structure and material selection of natural degradable BN-TENGs and other energy harvesting devices in the future.
The purely natural bio-absorbable BN-TENGs developed in this work have good biocompatibility, biodegradability adjustability and bioabsorbability. In addition, it also has high efficiency of biomechanical energy conversion. BN-TENGs can achieve normal work in vivo and in vitro, and effectively convert biomechanical energy into electrical energy. The maximum output voltage of BN-TENGs can reach 55V, current can reach 0.6μA, power The density can reach 21.6mW m-2. Through the use of different packaging methods, this work achieves controlled degradation of BN-TENGs in vivo and in vitro.
At the same time, the researchers used the developed BN-TENGs as a voltage source for dysfunctional cardiomyocytes and successfully regulated the beating rate of the cardiomyocytes. When BN-TENGs complete the scheduled tasks and are implanted into SD rats, BN-TENGs can be degraded and absorbed by SD rats. This work provides new treatments for diseases such as slow heart rate and irregular heart rate. In addition, the BN-TENGs developed by this work have great potential as power-driven implantable medical electronic devices. After completing their established tasks, they can be degraded and absorbed by the organism itself, avoiding secondary surgery.
Related research results are published in the latest issue of Advanced Materials (Advanced Materials, DOI: 10.1002 / adma.201801895) under the title of Fully Bioabsorbable Natural-Materials-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators. This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFA0202702, 2016YFA0202703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571006, 81601629, 61501039), Beijing Top Talents (2015000021223ZK21), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2182091 and 2162017), and the Central Group Financial support of the "Top Thousand People" and its innovation team.
Figure: (a) Five pure natural materials sources; (b)-(d) BN-TENG structure diagram and friction layer surface structure diagram; (e)-(f) BN-TENG as a power source to electrically stimulate cardiomyocytes
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