Landslide hazards and countermeasures

At 11:42 pm on December 20th, 2015, the slope near the Baotai Garden of Fenghuang Village, Hongfu Village, Changzheng District, Shenzhen City, collapsed, causing the gas station to explode. By December 21, 2015, the number of people lost was 91. A total of 33 buildings were buried or damaged to varying degrees, covering an area of ​​about 380,000 square meters. The number of lost landslides caused by this landslide destroyed many buildings; the area of ​​disasters was particularly wide; and the damage was particularly great; at the same time, due to local rainfall, the decrease in temperature brought new difficulties to the rescue. The following picture shows the scene of landslides in Shenzhen.

It can be seen that once a landslide occurs, it will cause tremendous damage to local people, property, housing, transportation and so on. So how do we deal with landslides?

First, the hazard of landslides
Landslides not only cause casualties and property losses within a certain range, but also pose serious threats to nearby road traffic. At 1:20 a.m. on January 17, 2001, a large area of ​​landslide occurred in the Wufeng Mountain, which was backed by the old county town of Yunyang in Chongqing. The entire landslide lasted about five hours, and it was relatively stable at about 6 a.m. on the 17th. The total volume of landslides is about 50,000 cubic meters, and the direct economic losses have reached more than 3 million yuan. At 11:42 pm on December 20th, 2015, the hillside near Fengtai Park, Phoenix Community, Hongfu Village, Changzheng District, Shenzhen, collapsed. The number of people lost to the next day reached 91, resulting in 33 buildings being buried or damaged in varying degrees. Covers an area of ​​about 380,000 square meters.

Second, landslide treatment measures
1, power mobilization. According to the site conditions, mobilize large-scale vehicle equipment such as lighting, anti-chemical rescue, rescue and rescue, logistical support, and other large-scale vehicles, cranes, forklifts, excavators, and wreckers, as well as detection, protection, rescue, and lifting Equipment and equipment such as demolition, traction, lighting, communications, and dispatched commanders arrived at the scene to organize and direct. If the situation on the scene is serious and the firepower alone cannot be completed, it shall promptly report to the government to initiate an emergency plan and mobilize the departments of public security, safety supervision, health, geology, land, transportation, weather, construction, environmental protection, power supply, water supply, and communications to assist in the disposal. If necessary, request support from the garrison and the armed police force.
2, on-site alert. After the fire and rescue personnel arrive at the scene, they must cooperate with the engineering and technical personnel of the Bureau of Land and Resources in a timely manner to determine the scope of on-site warning according to the amount of landslides and the degree of damage. At the same time, an announcement was immediately issued to implement traffic control on landslides in certain areas above and below the landslide. Personnel and vehicles were forbidden from entering the vigilance area. Persons in a certain range above and below the landslide body were immediately evacuated via telephone, VHF, loudspeakers, etc.; The evacuation plan organized the withdrawal of personnel and property under the leadership of the local government.
3, reconnaissance and monitoring. After a landslide, two or more landslides often occur. When the fire and rescue personnel arrive at the accident site, they must first carry out reconnaissance on the geological conditions of the landslides, determine areas where landslides may occur again, and monitor them continuously to ensure the safety of the rescue workers. There are three types of monitoring methods for landslides: 1) Macro-monitoring, under the guidance of local administrative and professional departments, using naked eye inspections and using surface measurement tools (such as tape measure) to measure surface crack changes. 2) Professional monitoring system, professional monitoring system uses integrated monitoring means (global satellite positioning (GPS) monitoring, remote sensing (RS) monitoring, surface and deep displacement monitoring, etc.) to implement three-dimensional and emergency monitoring of major collapsing bodies and important facility bases. Specialized monitoring and early warning system. 3) Combination of macro monitoring and professional monitoring.
4, open up the channel. The transportation department quickly mobilized large-scale forklifts, cranes, bulldozers and other mechanical engineering vehicles. It quickly opened up a field and access roads on site to ensure that the site had an emergency platform and a passage for rescue vehicles.
5. Search and rescue trapped people. After the landslide body stabilized, the search and rescue work plan was initiated. The fire department used equipment such as life detectors, rescue equipment, rescue tripods, lifting air cushions, protective rescue equipment, and medical first aid kits to go deeper into the landslide accident site to search for lifesaving. In case of landslides, people were buried under pressure and life search equipment was used to conduct on-site searches to determine the number and specific locations of the persons buried under pressure. Multiple soldiers were assigned to use rescue equipment such as demolition, cutting, and lifting. At the same time, people who are trapped can be found by listening, watching, tapping, and shouting. When using rescue equipment such as demolition, cutting, and hoisting, in order to prevent secondary damage, rescue air cushions, square timbers, angle steels, etc. can be used for support and protection. If necessary, hand-planing, turning, and lifting can be used. During the rescue process, technical personnel of the land and resources department must be arranged to monitor the landslide condition. If there is a danger of landslides occurring again, the rescue personnel shall be promptly evacuated.

Third, the action requirements
1. In line with the principle of “Easy to be difficult after the first, save after the first rescue, first after the wounded, first slightly after injury”.
2. Safety personnel should be set up on the site. The safety officer should observe the changes in the mountain during the whole process of different azimuths. Once the sign of collapse is found, a warning signal should be issued immediately. The rescue personnel should quickly and safely evacuate the site.
3. Rescue workers must not gather in areas where the mountain structure has been significantly loosened to prevent the mountain from collapsing again and bring danger to rescue workers and trapped persons.
4. Large scale excavators are generally not allowed without fully confirming that there are no buried pressure personnel. When approaching a person being buryed, the obstacle should be carefully moved to prevent injury to the burying person on the premise that no collapse will occur.
5. In the initial stage of rescue, construction machinery vehicles such as large-scale forklifts, cranes and bulldozers shall not be used directly.
6. When using lifting equipment to save people, you must not blindly and recklessly study the situation of force. In particular, when using mechanical work, each machine must be equipped with an observer, and should be immediately stopped if abnormal signs are detected, to prevent accidental injury due to strong digging and hard-draw.
7. Strengthen cooperation with the public security, land, security, health, transportation, civil administration, urban construction, communications, etc., and cooperate with each other to carry out rescue operations.

Fourth, still need to solve several problems
1. Establish a geological disaster monitoring and early warning system project. Establish a monitoring team that combines professional personnel and group surveys and prevention teams. Establish monitoring sites for major geological disasters, including professional teams. Set up group surveys and preventions for other geological disasters, and guide and regularly inspect with professional teams. The combined monitoring network will implement timely monitoring of geological hazards in mountainous areas through professional monitoring systems, group monitoring and monitoring systems, and information systems, and prevent and control geological disasters for the government and related departments, protect the safety of people’s lives and properties, and make decisions for disaster prevention and reduction. Implementation provides scientific basis and technical support.
2. Establish an expert analysis system for mountainous geological hazards. After the occurrence of a dangerous situation in a landslide body, the local government’s geological disaster prevention and control work headquarters convened the disasters and related experts to hold a conference to analyze the information collected by the monitoring and early warning system to determine the state of the landslide and its early warning level, and estimate the impact of surges. Scope, forming consultation opinions for reference by the local government.
3. Determine the release department of the warning information and the release form of the standardized warning information. The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Incident Responses" stipulates: When natural disasters, accident disasters or public health events that may be early warnings are likely to occur or occur, the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations, And the authority and procedures prescribed by the State Council, issue corresponding levels of warnings, decide and announce relevant areas to enter the early warning period, report to the people's government at the next higher level, report to the next level if necessary, and report to the local garrison and adjacent or related areas that may be harmed. People's government notification. Therefore, early warning information should be clearly issued by the local government in a formal form, and each department should take corresponding measures according to the level of early warning issued by the local government.
4, establish a linkage mechanism. The disaster prevention and relief work for landslides involves various aspects such as monitoring, early warning, disposal, and disaster relief. All units and departments need to perform their duties and work closely together. Only under the unified leadership of the local government, the relevant units take the initiative to act as a whole. In order to minimize or reduce the loss caused by landslides, actively respond.