Construction and Management of Deep Well Manual Pump Water Supply Project Lei Jun Sha Lusheng China Irrigation and Drainage Technology Development Training Center Beijing 100761 Yangzhou University elaborated the planning of the manual pump water supply project of Yuguan vegetable well. The main content of construction and management.
China is a big agricultural country. Due to various factors such as natural conditions, water resources are scarce in many rural areas. Especially in poor and remote areas.
Difficulties in drinking water seriously restrict the improvement of the local living environment and the development of social economy.
Especially the survival and development of children. How to solve the problem of drinking water in rural areas. It is the main course for water supply workers to study. The deep well manual pump has no power compared to the mobile pump. Less investment and simple operation. Therefore, it is very popular among the majority of villagers.
Funded by UNICEF. Since 1994, China has been in Shaanxi. Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanxi. More than 20,000 deep well manual pumps have been installed in Yunnan and other provinces and autonomous regions. Found through investigation. The deep well manual chest project has brought significant social and economic benefits to the drinking water-stricken areas, especially the water-borne diseases have dropped significantly.
In order to make the deep well manual pump water supply project continue to exert benefits in rural areas of China. This paper is intended to give a brief introduction to the construction and management of the project.
1 Deep well manual pump water supply project consists of deep well manual pump water supply project by deep well manual pump tube well. The well platform and the drainage channel are composed of 1.1 deep well manual pump deep well manual pump, which is the main mechanical equipment of the water supply project by the pull rod in the well and the piston on the well, which reciprocates in the pump cylinder to bring the water to the ground. . The pump head is composed of a handle chain water tank bracket and legs, and the pump head cover with a bolt fixed in front of the pump head can be repaired and replaced after the pump head cover is opened. The water pipe and the pipe joint are composed. The pump cylinder is made up of a piston rod. Pump cylinder piston hoop pump plug. Check the valve and bottom cap and other components. The deep well manual pump has the following features: good sealing. The joint surface of the bottom valve and the bottom cap is tapered. The contact area is large.
A double seal ring on the piston increases the tightness between the cylinder and the piston. The water is completely sealed during the lifting process and does not need to be started by watering, so there is no water pollution.
2 resistance is small, easy to operate. The mechanical efficiency of the lever of the deep well manual pump is 81. The operating resistance is small. It can easily lift water to the ground, 3 anti-corrosion performance and long service life. The chestnut cylinder is made of tin bronze, which is composed of a brass bushing of a cast iron casing and a piston valve bottom valve. The piston rod is made of stainless steel 1 into a piston ring made of nitrile rubber. Pull rod. The pump casing is galvanized.
7 under the source. This kind of water source form is difficult for the people to accept at the beginning of the project implementation. Later, pilot projects were carried out in several project villages. It was found that this type of project has the advantages of saving investment and facilitating management. As of the end of June 1999, there were 103 villages in the project area of ​​the county. It solved the drinking water of about 50,000 people and achieved remarkable social and economic benefits. The suitable conditions for the mink project are that the limestone is in the deep mountainous areas and the slopes are steep. The terrain height difference is large and undulating. The population is small and the residence is scattered; the economic conditions of the project village are poor. There is no water source available for perennial years. However, there are certain springs or shallow groundwater in the wet season. The water irrigation project uses water from a seasonal mountain spring or a non-polluted shallow groundwater source. The water is poured into the water shovel by the sprinkler during the spring or the flood season, and the self-flow or hand-pumping method is adopted when taking the water. Very convenient. In the leeches project built by the food aid project. The structure of the leeches is usually made of round concrete. There are 0.5, 0.51 manholes. Cover with iron cover and lock protection. Manhole 1; 1 outlet cover 0.2 single water raft volume section is 24, 1 irrigation with sprinkler is only 12 hours per hour operating cost is 812 yuan, the characteristics of the water raft is that the project scale is small, the construction technology is simple, not subject to electricity influences. The cost of water supply needs to be managed by a special person. Just wash the wall of the water before filling it. Bleaching tablets can be placed into the pots every year in the spring and autumn.
5 manual pumping water source manual pump is not widely used in food aid projects. Only 7 projects used manual pumps. It accounts for 0.67 of the drinking water project. It is applied to villages with a small population and poor economic conditions. Although the living is relatively concentrated, no spring water is available. There are no other sources of water near the village. It is impossible to establish a water supply pipe network. Under such conditions, one person can be built in the appropriate position of the village. The water storage capacity is 5,15,1. The use of long-distance engineering is low, but it is difficult to manage. Health care is not easy to control. Therefore, this type of work is not used by the author Liu Jianqiang. male. 36 years old. The engineer received the date of 1999, and the work was still working. Draw. And for the project!仞Quan provides benchmarks and indicators. The main technical parameters of the drinking water 8863 deep well manual pump are: piston diameter 63mm1; 1.2 pipe well pipe is an underground structure. Its role is in the process of taking water from the aquifer.
Maintain the stability of the gravel and water. 363 new deep well manual pump requires tube well thickness greater than 5!1, the length of the phoenix filter water pipe can be selected according to the situation of underground aquifer. The 36 filter water area does not exceed 2, and the use of a wire-wrapped filter tube net filter tube, etc., the outer filter particles are 310, the filter material, the current environmental sanitation status population distribution benefit range. Social economic and hydrogeological conditions The attitude of the local government and villagers to the project and the development of the community.
The survey of groundwater in the survey content is the basic work of the planning and construction and management of deep well manual pump engineering. Its specific task is to ascertain the hydrogeological conditions, groundwater exploitation and pollution of the survey area. Water quality and water quality assessment and prediction are available for the groundwater that can be mined. Prepare planning based on a comprehensive situation. The water source is required to be free of pollution. The water quality complies with national drinking water standards. Ample water can guarantee 24 water supply throughout the day.
2.2 Set the juice 1.3 just, the attachment structure of the deep well manual pump water supply project of the structure is from the well platform. Drainage channel seepage wells and other components.
Well platform is a working platform for deep well manual pump for water intake, and is also a place for installing manual pumps to protect well water from pollution and maintenance management. Can be built round or square, the well should be higher than the wellhead 1020 coffee diameter 200, 1 or 200, 200 wall height 15, about. The derrick plane must have a fixed slope. And set up drainage channels. Allow the remaining water to drain into the natural drainage ditch farmland or seepage pool. The seepage pool is filled with gravel. Allow water to seep into the ground. Prevent ground pollution. The distance from the seepage pool to the well is not less than 3! For the outer wall and bottom of the well pump without the aquifer, it needs to be filled with clay. The wellhead should be sealed with impervious materials such as clay or cement to prevent pollution. Fences should be built around the well to protect it.
The deep well manual pump water supply project has the following characteristics: The water source well is shallow. The amount of water taken is not large. Easy to cut. The air hammer drill is used to drill well. The cost is low.
The deep well manual chestnut structure is simple. It is easy to maintain, wear-resistant and anti-corrosive, good sealing and reliable performance. Rugged and durable; light pull and easy to operate. Safe to use; antifreeze holes are provided on the water pipes for use in cold areas.
The project is simple and suitable for community self-maintenance and self-management.
Cheaper. In the community. Look at the 5,1 deep well. Plus manual é—± äººæ°‘å¸ 8,000 10000 yuan. It can be used by 250 people, the per capita cost is low, and the operating costs are quite low.
There is no need for manpower other than manpower, especially in areas where electricity is scarce and electricity is low.
2 Planning and construction of deep well manual pump water supply project 2.1 The density of wells in the baseline survey area. It should be determined according to the water consumption distance section. The distance standard for rural drinking water is that it is more than one way from the settlement point, or the vertical height of the water intake point is above 10,1. The water consumption standard is. During the drought period, each person in the north should supply more than 10 water per day and 40 in the south. If the villagers are relatively concentrated, a manual pump can meet the water requirements of about 250 people; if the residence is dispersed and the water intake distance is long, a deep well manual pump can also meet the water requirements of the person. The design of the tube well is first to select the well position reasonably. . The well location should be selected in a section where the water quality is good and the water volume is sufficient for protection and management; the topography of the well location should be engineering geological, good. Shi 1. and Weihu convenient land 1. Root, water-bearing reservoir conditions Thick lithic construction conditions and local sinking capacity to determine well depth. Well diameter. The water level drops the water level and carries out the tube well structure design.
Pipe wells are usually cut with a well-drilling machine, and the air hammer drill is used to make the well faster and more efficient. The cost of drilling wells is low. However, the reasonable use of the drill bit and the air compressor is to install the well pipe after the drill hole has been drilled. The well pipe should be prevented from falling off when the pipe is down. dislocation. The phenomenon of skewing and destroying the well pipe occurs.
Manual pump installation is an important part of engineering construction. The quality of the installation is good or bad. Directly affect the management of the device. Repair and service life. Therefore, it must be installed in accordance with the installation technical requirements.
Before installation, lay the foundation and prepare the installation tools. The deep well manual pump installation program is to align the position of the bracket in the position of the pump cylinder rod, the water pipe, the water tank, the position of the chain, and the loading of the handle well drainage. Leveling is to find the bracket so that the bracket is perpendicular to the ground. Generally, the level is measured in both directions of the flange surface. After the installation content is finished, check the movement of each component. Such as when manipulating é—±. Whether the handle reaches two dead points. In particular, the lever can guide the monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring and evaluation is the main means of project management. Its purpose is to check the investment in the project. Whether activities and outputs are on schedule. Whether the target achieves its contents as planned includes 1 deep well manual chest engineering planning and construction situation 2 well level well drainage facilities quality. Pipeline construction quality manual pump installation quality and project cost, water quality monitoring equipment personnel and information. The methods include conference communication and the allocation and use of input equipment and software activities to the on-site inspection project implementation.
During the monitoring process, the relevant leaders and project executives should be timely informed to summarize the experience. And study the solution to the problem. In order to ensure the quality and progress of project implementation, project offices at all levels should establish a complete project implementation monitoring system. Find out and solve in time. Each project village shall establish an engineering quality supervision team to implement a comprehensive quality inspection of the project implementation process. In order to ensure the smooth implementation and sustainable development of the project, the construction of the 3 deep well manual pump water supply project management water supply project only creates a good condition for rural drinking water, and should give full play to the benefits of the water supply project. To better serve the villagers, it is also necessary to strengthen scientific management.
3.1 Establishing a village-level water management organization Rural water users are all living villagers. Through the establishment of a village-level management organization, sporadic and decentralized water supply projects are managed by the township management station or the community operation management committee. Each manual pump is equipped with a water pipeman. . At the same time, according to the number of manual springs in the village, 12 technicians were selected to undertake the maintenance tasks of the manual chestnuts in the village. The community operation management committee is elected by the villagers. Its role is to promote the proper use of safe and hygienic water. Dispose of sewage properly. Provide repair tools and accessories. Establish a manual spring use file and make a maintenance record. Timely report to the township management station and collect water fees. Ensure the normal operation of water supply facilities; actively participate in various beneficial activities of the community. Promote health knowledge; organize people to improve the environmental sanitation conditions of the village, and manage the water staff's duties to do routine maintenance work. Educate villagers on how to properly use and protect hand pumps, assist technicians in repair work, etc.
3.2 Strengthening technical training The construction and management of deep well manual pump water supply project is a highly technical work. Project executives and managers at all levels should be made aware of the UNICEF principles and strategies for cooperation in China and familiar with project execution procedures and management procedures. The Central Provincial County Project Office shall organize various trainings and train technical backbone teams.
To ensure the smooth implementation of the project. Through activities such as community maintenance system training and on-site installation training. The village plumber technicians will master the installation and maintenance technology of the deep well pump and train the maintenance management personnel for the project area.
3.3 Establish rules and regulations to ensure the quality of project implementation. Give full play to project benefits. Make the management work meet the requirements of planning and efficiency. Better serve the farmers. The project offices at all levels should formulate an effective management system in light of the local conditions. Set up file management for the organization. Financial management materials management equipment management. Training management. The project planning quality management and manual pump installation and operation and other aspects have detailed provisions, the village should formulate implementation rules or management methods, such as water source sanitation management system, deep well manual pump management methods, water fee collection methods and water fee standards. In order to ensure the normal operation of various works and engineering facilities, institutionalize operation management. Standardization lays the foundation. 3.4 Strengthening the sanitation protection and water quality monitoring of water sources Before the pipeline is completed and delivered, it should be disinfected, usually with bleaching powder, and the disinfecting solution is required to stay in the well after 241. Lift the water again. The smell of chlorine disappears before drinking.
The deep well manual chest water supply project has been completed. A quarterly test of water quality monitoring should be done regularly. Summer months. After the rain, add the measurement, and after the abnormal situation is found, measures should be taken to protect the water source in time.
Seriously strengthen the water source wells. Management and maintenance of the well platform. Within a diameter of 5,1 from the hand pump. Do not build seepage. Stacking garbage. stool.
Waste slag shall not engage in activities that destroy deep soil. In addition, establish the necessary health system, such as the prohibition of washing vegetables in the well platform to drink livestock, keep the well and its surrounding 3.5 well deep well manual pump maintenance 1 daily maintenance. Inspect and tighten the handle nut and flange nut and replace if damaged. Open the front cover of the pump head, clean up the debris, and grease the chain; check the handle status. Whether to shake left and right. Make adjustments if necessary; check if the water volume is normal. Also pay attention to the presence or absence of abnormal sound and damaged parts; check whether the connection between the chestnut body and the well platform is firm. Is there a crack in the well? Found to ask for timely repairs. Always clear 1. Keep the pump body and well platform clean.
2 regular maintenance. Chestnut plug for manual pump cylinder. Upper and lower rubber pads. Type 0 rings are consumables, and they need to be replaced regularly for years of use. When the water output of the pump is significantly reduced or the parts are found to be worn and aged, they should be replaced in time. If the amount of water is not recovered after replacing the consumables or if the air travel exceeds the specified number of times within a fixed time interval. Major repairs are required, including inspection of all pipe fittings and pipe joint threads; use wire brushes and sandpaper to remove dirt and rust if damaged. Should be replaced; inspect and clean all tie rod threads and fittings. And straighten all the rods to clean the pump plug and the bottom valve. Replace the damaged parts and check the leakage of the pump cylinders, especially the sealing of the rubber valve pads on the bottom valve seat. If the seal is not good. Then need to grind or replace the rubber pad; clean the water tank and pump head, remove the dirt and rust inside and outside the pump head, apply anti-rust grease, especially the cleaning handle system is smooth. Check the seepage of the well drainage gutter, etc. If damaged, it should be repaired and reinforced. After the overhaul. To be chlorinated.
4 Conclusion Deep well manual pumps have many advantages and are scattered in the population. Lack of oil and electricity. The areas with suitable hydrogeological conditions are low-cost water supply forms worthy of popularization and application, and improve the planning, design and management level of the deep well manual chest water supply project, so that the project benefits can be realized for a long time. Providing quality services to the majority of villagers is a long-term and arduous task. Colleagues who wish to work in rural drinking water can get the author's introduction from the article Lei Jun. Female. 33 years old. Engineer's article editing yuan
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