First, what does ppm mean? How is it converted to percentage?
Ppm is the parts per million or parts per million. It has been used in pesticide applications in the past to indicate the concentration of the spray solution, that is, the number of parts containing the active ingredients of the pesticide in one million sprays. According to the international regulations, the ppm is no longer expressed in ppm, but it is expressed in micrograms per milliliter, or milliliters per liter, or grams per cubic meter.
The conversion formula between parts per million and percentage is: parts per million = percentage × 10000
That is, the percentage multiplied by 10,000 is the parts per million. Conversely, the division of the parts per million by 10,000 is the percentage.
3. What are some simple methods for formulating pesticides?
For commercial pesticides with different specifications and high content, the dilution of water with various active ingredients is not the same. To dilute high-concentration pesticides with water or soil to suit the concentration or dosage that needs to be used, the dilution conversion method should be used to achieve the exact concentration requirements. Generally, the calculation method for dilution preparation is often based on the following formula.
Formula 1 Weight of diluted chemical solution = (weight of commercial pesticide × concentration of commercial pesticide) / concentration of diluted chemical solution Formula 2 Weight of diluted water (= weight of commercial pesticide × concentration of commercial pesticide - concentration of formulated drug) / After the preparation of the concentration of the drug formula three dilution ratio = dilution water / commercial pesticide dosage formula four dilution ratio = commercial pesticide active ingredient content (%) / concentration of diluted liquid medicine four, what are the advantages of mixed use of pesticides?
According to the principle of multi-drug treatment, two or more pesticides with different effects on organisms can be used in combination according to a certain ratio. At the same time, it can improve the control effect of pesticides and prevent disease and insect resistance. Early production and can greatly reduce the cost of agricultural production. Therefore, the advantages of pesticide mixing are manifold. The main points are as follows.
(1) Prevention and control of several pests, diseases, grass diseases, or diseases, insects and grasses that occur simultaneously on crops.
(2) It can obtain good control effects on pests that have developed resistance, and can prevent or delay the pests that have not yet developed resistance.
(3) The mixture of some pesticides and fungicides can improve the performance of the agent and improve the control effect of the agent.
(4) The residual period of the drug can be extended.
(5) You can take advantage of your strengths and make up your pharmacy.
(6) It can save the dosage of the medicine and reduce the cost of prevention. Generally, the dosage can be reduced by 20% to 30%.
5. What problems should be paid attention to when mixing pesticides?
There are strict requirements for the mixed use of pesticides. It is necessary to judge whether it can be mixed or mixed according to the chemical and physical properties of the pesticide itself, as well as the occurrence and life history of pests and diseases. Whether the various pesticides can be mixed with each other should generally consider the following aspects.
(1) It is necessary to clarify the purpose of mixing pesticides, and it cannot be mixed for mixing.
(2) Adverse chemical and physical changes should not occur after mixing pesticides.
(3) The mixed liquid medicine (medicine powder) after mixing should not cause phytotoxicity to crops. If phytotoxicity occurs, it cannot be mixed with each other.
(4) After mixing the medicines, it should improve the efficacy of the mixed liquid, at least not to reduce the efficacy, that is, to increase the efficiency after compounding.
(5) After the agents are mixed, the acute toxicity of the mixture is generally not higher than the original toxicity, that is, it cannot be poisoned.
6. What are pesticide residues and pesticide residues?
Pesticide residues are a general term for trace pesticides, toxic metabolites, degradants and impurities that remain in organisms, agricultural by-products and the environment after use of pesticides; the remaining amount is called residual amount. The purpose of studying pesticide residues is to reduce the adverse effects of pesticide residues and residual pesticides on humans, the environment and ecosystems through rational use of drugs.
7. What factors affect the residual amount of pesticides in the soil?
The amount of pesticides remaining in the soil is not static and is subject to many factors, causing it to decompose and disappear.
(1) The role of soil microbes. There are many kinds of organisms in the soil, and the number is very large, which is the biggest factor in the disappearance of pesticide decomposition in the residual soil;
(2) The difference in soil properties also affects the residual amount of pesticides in the soil;
(3) Physicochemical properties and dosage forms of pesticides. Among the same pesticides, those with high volatility or high water solubility disappear rapidly in the soil; among different dosage forms, powders and wettable powders are easily decomposed and disappeared than emulsifiable concentrates and granules;
(4) Climate conditions. Areas with high temperatures and high rainfall can accelerate and promote the decomposition of pesticide residues in the soil.
8. What are the standards for green food?
1. The origin of the product or product raw materials must meet the green food ecological environment standards.
2. Crop planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and food processing must comply with the production regulations for green food.
3. The product must meet the quality and hygiene standards of green food.
4. The product packaging label must comply with the relevant national food labeling standards and the relevant provisions of the “Green Food Labeling and Design Standards Manualâ€.
9. What kind of pesticides are called fake pesticides and inferior pesticides?
According to the relevant regulations of pesticide management and the principle of counterfeit goods regulated by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, one of the following conditions is a fake pesticide:
(1) The name of the active ingredient contained does not match the approved label;
(2) impersonating a pesticide with a non-pesticide or posing as a pesticide with other pesticides;
(3) Counterfeiting, forgery, or transfer of pesticide registration certificates or pesticide labels;
(4) The State officially announces pesticides that are prohibited from being produced or withdrawn from registration;
Inferior pesticides are one of the following:
(1) The product quality is seriously inconsistent with the pesticide product standard requirements;
(2) Exceeding the warranty period and losing the value of use; or using the time limit without indicating the expiration time (3) mixing with harmful components that can cause phytotoxicity or other losses;
(4) Serious damage to packaging or labeling 10. What are the high-toxic and highly toxic pesticides prohibited by the state regarding vegetables, fruits, fruits and Chinese medicines?
It is forbidden to use methamidophos, parathion (1605), methyl parathion, internal phosphorus (1059), monocrotophos, phorate (3911), phosphonamine, omethoate, methyl isoflavone, It treats high-residue pesticides such as bismuth phosphorus, isocarbophos, insecticidal mites, terbutaphos, dicofol, aldicarb, carbofuran, lindane and other highly toxic pesticides, as well as BHC and DDT.
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