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Figure 1 shows how the sand becomes pure nanosilicon.
Figure 2 from left to right are the sand without purification (b), the purified sand (c) and the comparison between the first two sands and pure nanosilicon (d).
Figure 3 A new type of lithium-ion battery made of sand.
Scientists at the University of California, Riverside, have recently developed a new type of lithium-ion battery that has more than three times the performance and service life of ordinary lithium-ion batteries. What is even more amazing is that the main raw materials needed to make this kind of battery are neither "tall" graphene nor rare precious compounds, but ordinary ordinary sand. Researchers say that new technologies are expected to break the battery bottleneck faced by current electronic devices such as smart phones, making it a day full of history. Related papers are published in the journal Nature Science.
The Physicist Organization Network reported on July 9 (Beijing time) that the invention of this kind of battery was a young man named Zachari Phevos who was studying for postgraduate at University of California, Riverside. Phevos said that he was inspired by sand to make batteries when he was surfing on a beach in San Clemente, California six months ago. His main research direction is to develop better-performing lithium-ion batteries for personal electronics and electric vehicles. At the time, he was looking for the ideal anode material for new batteries.
At present, the vast majority of lithium-ion batteries use graphite as the anode, but with the advancement of science and technology, the potential of graphite as an anode has almost been exploited. Many scientists are beginning to look for better alternative materials, of which nano-scale silicon is an important one. However, it was later discovered that the nano-silicon produced by the conventional method is easily degraded and is difficult to be produced on a large scale, thus failing to meet the need for commercial production of batteries.
Phevos hopes that the sand made of quartz and silica can help him solve these two problems. He took the sand back to the lab and grinded them to nanoscale size, followed by a series of purification steps. The sand gradually changed from brown to bright white, just like white sugar. He then grinds the salt and magnesium in the same way and mixes the three substances and heats them. Salt and magnesium help the quartz remove oxygen during heating, resulting in pure nanosilicon. What surprises him is that unlike pure silicon produced by traditional processes, this pure nano-silicon has a sponge-like 3D porous structure and is extremely stable. This porous structure has been proven to be the key to improving the performance of nano-silicon cells.
Experiments have shown that a new type of battery made with this nano-silicon electrode can increase the current life expectancy of electric vehicles by at least three times. And if it is used for smart phone batteries, it is expected to become a three-day charge. Currently, Phevos and his team are trying to produce more nano-silicon with sand, and plans to create larger batteries for mobile devices such as mobile phones.
The sand of the beach is not like the apple of Newton's? At present, battery technology has made breakthroughs in various directions. Nano-silicon electrodes are just one method. Which solutions are truly feasible and inconclusive, and they need to be tested by the market. But Phevos, who is a graduate student, used experiments to tell us that the most common things in life are often inspirational for changing scientists around the world, and the most common materials may have incredible uses. Think about life and realize that it will come sooner or later. (Reporter Wang Xiaolong)
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