Metal cutting technology and cutting tools as key technologies and basic equipment determine the efficiency, precision, quality and cost of machine tool processing. Cutting has entered the development of high-speed cutting, developing new cutting processes and processing methods, and providing complete processing technology. New stage.
High speed cutting technology
High-speed cutting technology is characterized by high efficiency, high precision and high surface quality. It has been widely used in the automotive industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and other industries, and is an important part of contemporary advanced manufacturing technology. The characteristics of high-speed cutting technology are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1 The cutting speed is very high, usually 5 to 10 times that of ordinary cutting. 2 The spindle speed of the machine tool is very high, generally above 10 000 ~ 20 000r / min. 3 The feed rate is very high, usually 15 ~ 50m / min, up to 90m / min. 4 For different cutting materials and tool materials used, the meaning of high-speed cutting is not the same. 5 During the cutting process, the cutting edge passes at a frequency close to the dominant natural frequency of the “Machine-Tool-Work†system.
Compared with traditional machining, high-speed cutting significantly increases the cutting speed, resulting in increased friction between the workpiece and the rake face, and leads to an increase in the temperature of the chip and tool contact surface, which can reach the melting point of the workpiece material, making the workpiece soft or even liquefaction, thus greatly reducing the resistance of the cutting tool, so that the cutting line becomes China Copyright light metal processing. At the same time, 70% ~ 80% of the heat generated by the processing is concentrated on the chips, and the removal speed of the chips is fast, the heat transferred to the workpiece is greatly reduced, and the processing precision is improved. High-speed machining is an indispensable technology that greatly increases the machining efficiency without increasing the number of equipment. The advantages are: improving production efficiency; improving machining accuracy and surface quality; and reducing cutting resistance.
In order to achieve high-speed machining, high-flexible high-speed CNC machine tools and machining centers are generally used, and some special high-speed milling and drilling machines are used.
The machine tool also has a high-speed spindle system and high-speed feed system, high spindle stiffness characteristics, high-precision positioning function and high-precision interpolation function, especially the arc high-precision interpolation function. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tools are the premise and basic conditions for high-speed cutting. There are strict requirements for high-speed machine tool performance and tool material selection in high-speed machining.
2. Progress of tool materials under high speed cutting requirements
High-speed machining imposes special requirements on tool materials. In addition to the required hardness and wear resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, processability and economy, it should also have high reliability and high heat resistance. Thermal shock resistance and good high temperature mechanical properties. At present, tool materials commonly used for high-speed cutting include titanium-based cemented carbide, ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, coated tools, and diamonds.
(1) The performance of cemented carbide tool materials is improved. The hardness of titanium-based cemented carbide tools is above 2000HV. Compared with WC cemented carbide, the strength, hardness, toughness and chipping resistance are significantly improved. And the ability to resist bonding is also significantly enhanced. Moreover, the performance of cemented carbide is continuously improved and the application surface is expanding. The first is the development of fine particles, ultrafine particles carbide materials, significantly improved strength and toughness, it is made in China with metal processing line copyrighted solid carbide tools, small and medium size such as drills, end mills, taps, etc. The tool replaces the Chinese metalworking online. The traditional high-speed steel tool is used to bring the universal tool into the field of high-speed cutting. Secondly, the development and use of new processes such as cemented carbide pressure sintering improve the intrinsic quality of cemented carbide. In the case of the base material of the chemically coated cemented carbide insert grade, a graded cemented carbide with good resistance to plastic deformation and a tough surface was developed, which improved the cutting performance and application range of the coated cemented carbide insert.
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