The natural product of stone is more and more widely used in buildings, on the one hand because of its architectural function, and on the other hand because of its decorative beauty. Now we can see the application of stone in some large hotels and other buildings, and we are also impressed by its solemn, elegant and magnificent decoration. However, due to the natural characteristics of the stone, it also determines that the stone will cause various problems in its use, and even cause damage. This aspect is related to the material of the stone itself, and on the other hand, it is related to the installation and use environment.
We often see local or large-scale damage to the stone-laid floor in some high-end hotels and other large public places, such as cracks, crushing, chalking, holes, etc., especially in the ground with marble. Most common. Because these damaged parts are easily polluted and difficult to remove, people will see the ground full of dirt and riddled holes, which is in great contrast with the elegant environment and atmosphere around them, greatly reducing the use of stone. Value and effect. However, people can't easily and simply replace these damaged stones. On the one hand, it will cause large losses in materials and labor. On the other hand, it is difficult for the owners to bear the related losses caused by the replacement of the stone. Therefore, it is very important to explore and use some effective methods and materials to repair the damaged stone floor.
First, the cause of stone ground damage
1. Settlement and tearing of the foundation part of the ground leads to cracking of the ground stone.
2, the external damage caused the ground stone to be damaged.
3, from the stone quality, choose the marble to lay the ground and leave behind. On the one hand, people often only pay attention to color when choosing stone, and do not consider the difference in weather resistance and wear resistance between marble and granite. On the other hand, the original imported stone was mostly marble. At that time, the processing technology of granite was not as advanced as it is now, and the color and style of marble were mostly elegant, which made the choice of marble for indoor use as a fashion. It is also a major cause of the problem of stone floor marble.
4, the natural defects of marble. Some marbles have many natural defects, such as cracks, sand holes, loose, and sandwiches. If these defects are not repaired and compensated in advance, they will be the first to cause lesions and damage in the defective parts and then spread after being wet and contaminated on the ground. Like silver line beige, gold flower beige, brown net and so on.
5. A humid environment. The main component of marble is calcium carbonate, which expands under the action of water. Then the looser part of the stone structure will explode first, leaving a stone pit on the marble floor. The formed stone pit will continue to be pulverized in a humid environment, making the surrounding stone loose.
6, the wrong protection method. For some owners and builders, even though they applied the protective agent to the marble in advance, there was a problem on the ground. This aspect is due to the fact that the cracks and loose parts of the stone are not well repaired, and the back of the stone is quickly destroyed by the large water pressure caused by the moisture. On the other hand, although the front side of the marble is also protected, the moisture on the ground will enter the interior of the stone along the cracks and loose parts of the stone, which will increase the humidity of the stone, thereby forming a vicious circle.
7. Wear and tear damage the luster of the marble floor. The hardness of the marble is low and the strength is poor. Therefore, the marble floor, especially the pedestrians, will soon lose its luster. Such as corridors, foyers, counters, etc.
Second, the countermeasures to prevent damage to the stone floor
For the analysis of the reasons for the above ground damage, we can see that water is the main cause of stone damage, except for the marble floor with loose material.
For solving the problem of water, everyone knows to apply protective agents to the stone, but this method is not completely effective and once and for all. We have done some tests. The humidity of the stone on the ground is mostly above 5%. If the stone always maintains such a humidity, even if the cracks and holes are repaired, it will take too long to appear in other parts. The problem. This has led to the problem of eliminating water sources. In fact, many buildings will not have large humidity in the foundation part of the ground after a period of time, and there is no real water source. The reason why the stone will maintain a large humidity for a long time is the water in the stone. The vicious circle formed, that is, the moisture and moisture on the back of the stone originally destroyed the stone. When the water was not completely ran away, the water on the surface of the stone ran into the stone along the cracks and loose parts of the stone, so that the circulation made the water long-term. The effect on the stone, coupled with the incorrect ground maintenance method, leads to a decrease in the permeability of the stone, and it is impossible for the stone to have no problem. In fact, here we have also found the key and ideas to solve the problem, remove the moisture on the back of the stone and stone, and then repair and make up for the damage of the stone - blocking the stone again from the water.
Third, stone ground repair methods and materials
1. On-site observation. Before you repair the stone floor where the problem occurs, you should go to the site to observe, fully grasp the damage degree and condition of the stone, analyze and find the root cause of the problem, and pay attention to the business environment around it, and discuss the repair time with the owner. Arranged on. This will facilitate the submission of a fully complete and feasible stone repair report for the owner to confirm.
2. After determining the repair plan for the stone floor, you should negotiate with the owner to find an unimportant location to try out a ground. On the one hand, the feasibility of the scheme is tested, and on the other hand, the owner confirms the repair effect and avoids unnecessary disputes. It is best to observe the ground for a period of time. During this period, pay attention to observe the change of the humidity of the stone. Pay attention to whether the repaired parts are peeled and re-appeared, so as to correct the repair plan accordingly.
3, stone repair and make up materials. The DNS stone reinforced adhesive series is a polymer resin application material with strong permeability and activity, which is mixed in the form of AB two-component. The completely transparent, clear water-like liquid is suitable for repairing and repairing stones of various colors. When these liquids are applied to the parts with stone defects, they will penetrate into the defect parts of the stone and produce a chemical hardening process to harden the material of the stone. Because this process runs through various defects in the stone, such as cracks, cracks, cracks, holes and looseness, it strengthens the loose material and repairs these defects. In this way, the stone can not only see the perfect repair effect after grinding and polishing, but the stone still maintains the natural texture. Since the ground stone damage is basically the same phenomenon, and the DNS stone reinforced adhesive has good adhesive strength and weather resistance, this material is very suitable for repairing the damaged stone floor.
4. The repair process of the ground stone. Due to the damage caused by the indoor marble stone floor, here we use the DNS stone reinforced adhesive series to describe the process of smashing and repairing the cracks, powdered holes and looseness of the indoor beige marble floor.
a. Clean the stone floor to be repaired. These damaged stone cracks and holes are full of dirt, which requires thorough cleaning with a cleaning agent. The cleaning agent must be neutral, otherwise it will increase the degree of damage to the marble. During the cleaning process, use a harder brush to repeatedly clean the cracks and dirt in the holes, and use a vacuum suction machine to absorb the dirt, then add water to clean the brush and then use a water suction machine to absorb the sewage. This process should be as fast and effective as possible to avoid excessive water penetration into the stone and bottom layer. If the floor is coated with wax, use a dewaxing agent to remove the traces. This work should be done before the dirt is cleaned. Note that the dirt and wax traces in the cracks and holes must be cleaned, otherwise it will affect the degree of bonding of the stone-reinforced adhesive and stone.
b. Smooth the ground. Some stone floors have a cut at the initial laying, so the ground is first roughened before cleaning to eliminate the seam cut. In addition, it also has two aspects. On the one hand, after rough grinding, the surface of the stone is damaged, so that the micropores of the stone are in an open state, which will facilitate the full drying of the stone and the penetration of the stone-reinforced adhesive; On the one hand, the hole of the ground stone is in an expanded drum state before it bursts. In fact, this part of the stone is a peeling cavity under the surface. If it is not polished at this time, then it is exposed. After the ground is repaired, it will appear and it will need to be repaired again. There is another phenomenon to be aware of. Some damaged grounds have been previously repaired with marble glue and other glues. Due to the poor permeability and adhesion of these glues, they are not well bonded to the stone. The appearance of peeling or peeling, so also need to remove these traces before cleaning work to ensure the overall repair of the ground.
c. Dry or dry the floor. In the previous section, the destructive effect of water or moisture on the stone has been emphasized, so it is an important part of the repair work to dry the ground side as soon as possible. In addition to ending the cleaning process as quickly and efficiently as possible, proper drying methods, drying times and associated equipment are important. There are various ways of drying, such as drying in nature, drying in the air, drying of equipment, etc., depending on the environment and conditions. Drying times are generally relatively long and will make the ground relatively dry, but often the construction time limits the drying time. Natural drying and air drying are very economical and convenient drying methods, but the time needs to be relatively long. If the time does not allow for excessive drying time then some drying equipment is required. Like a fan, dehumidifier or ground heating device. However, no matter which kind of equipment and equipment are used, it must be naturally aired for more than two hours, especially with a heating device. A large temperature difference will cause dew on the stone. The ideal ground humidity should be controlled below 3%.
d. After the ground is dried, you can apply DNS stone reinforced adhesive on the ground stone to be repaired. Whether it is a partial coating or a whole plate coating depends on the degree of damage to the stone. Generally speaking, if the ground is only partially concentrated and there are cracks in several slabs, the stone strengthening adhesive can be directly applied to the cracks. If there are cracks and holes in the large area of ​​the floor stone, it is necessary to apply a stone-reinforced adhesive to all the damaged stone plates on the ground.
There are a variety of DNS stone reinforced adhesives, mainly in terms of hardening time and suitable stone types. H955 or H960 can be used for cracking and hole repair in beige marble. H955 has a good repair effect on fine cracks and holes in marble and granite. The hardening time is about 16 hours at room temperature (25 degrees). H960 has a good repair effect on large cracks and small holes in marble and granite. The hardening time is about 6 hours at room temperature (25 degrees).
The use of DNS stone reinforced adhesives must be carried out in accordance with the instructions and proportions provided by the supplier. Splash the mixed stone strengthening adhesive liquid on the ground (note that you don't want to splash too much at a time, it is better to apply 1-2 square meters), and scrape the thin plate on the stone with a thin iron scraper. Layer, then apply a stone-reinforced adhesive on the ground to be treated in the next section. At this time, you should observe the first scratched ground. You will see that the liquid in the crack and the hole penetrates. You need to replenish the stone to strengthen the adhesive by scraping the excess liquid from other parts or pouring some stone. Strengthen the adhesive and apply it again. Such a reincarnation of a reincarnation, pay attention to the cracks and holes must be filled with stone strengthening adhesive.
Keep the air open at the construction site. If the conditions and time permit, the floor coated with the stone-reinforced adhesive can be aired and hardened there. If the conditions and time do not allow, then a layer of PVC film is applied to the ground after the scratching is completed, so that it can pass on it after it reaches 80% of the specified hardening time.
The stone floor coated with stone-reinforced adhesive can be polished and polished after the adhesive has completely hardened. When grinding, use the coarse grinding block to grind the hardened stone reinforcing adhesive on the surface of the stone, and then grind and polish the ground according to the conventional grinding and polishing method (note that it must be wet and wet). For small grinders that cannot be ground, you can use a hand-held small grinder for grinding and polishing, otherwise it will affect the overall effect of the ground.
e. After the ground grinding and polishing is completed, it is necessary to clean up the sewage left during the grinding and polishing. After the ground is dry, the ground should be protected to avoid damage to the stone in the future. In addition to good waterproof performance, the choice of protective agent should also consider its anti-fouling and oil-proof performance in special environments such as hotels, restaurants and hospitals. Of course, it is necessary to choose osmotic protective agents.
Fourth, marble surface strengthening and polishing
Now some foreign professional companies have developed some intensive products and related technologies for marble surfaces. These products and technologies basically have in common a certain chemical material, which is chemically bonded to the stone after being applied to the surface of the marble, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the marble surface and increasing the wear resistance of the marble. For marble floors with damaged gloss, the surface gloss can be restored by re-polishing or re-polishing. By repairing the damaged stone floor, the clean, beautiful and perfect ground effect is presented to the people. However, we must note that all this is just a matter of remedying the problem. To prevent and reduce the damage of the stone floor, we must start from the beginning, starting with the choice of stone, the necessary stone repair and protection treatment and the scientific construction method. Only in this way can we prevent some problems from happening, so that the owners can avoid the economic losses caused by them, and make the stone more natural and maintain the natural beauty.
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