We often hear names such as "Hetian jade", "Taiwan jade", "Canadian jade"; and "羊脂白玉", "碧玉", "é’玉", "墨玉", etc., which belong to mineralogy A collection called "nephrite". "Soft jade" has not been seen in ancient Chinese classics, and it is derived from modern mineralogy. Nephrite is a special collection of hornblende minerals. According to its color, nephrite can be divided into: white jade, sapphire, jasper, ink jade, topaz, sugar jade and other important varieties. The differences between nephrite and jade are:
1. The color of nephrite is relatively uniform, with white, dark green, black green, etc., no bright green.
2. Nephrite is oily and lustrous, without greening.
3. The proportion of nephrite (3.00) is slightly lower than the proportion of jadeite.
4. The refractive index of nephrite (1.62) is also slightly lower than the refractive index of jadeite.
(2) The difference between "Malay jade" and jadeite
In the 1980s, a bright green and even jade appeared in the jade market. The beaded or ring-faced, once deceived many people, thought it was "a rare high-grade jade." What is this kind of jade? This jade is called Malaysian jade (referred to as Ma Yu, also known as "Malay Cui"), which is just a name. Malaysian jade is not produced in Malaysia. It is the name of a fake jadeite that was sold by some Indian and Pakistani businessmen in the early days of the mainland. Malay jade is actually a kind of very fine-grained quartzite dyed in green, but there are obvious differences compared with jade:
1. Visually, the color of Malaysian jade is too bright and very unnatural.
2. The proportion of Malaysian jade is 2.65, which is much smaller than the proportion of jadeite 3.24 ~ 3.43.
3. The average refractive index of Malaysian jade is 1.55, which is lower than that of jadeite.
4. The color does not turn red under the Charles filter, but the presence of the dye can be observed under the ten-fold mirror, that is, the color is very floating and is a staining phenomenon.
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