Geothermal energy refers to the heat energy from the Earth's interior, which is derived from the decay of radioactive materials. Only 0.1% of the energy contained in the earth's crust can meet the world's energy consumption demand in the next 10,000 years, but it is impossible to be the main energy source in the future.
The global potential for geothermal resources is about 450,000 times of the total global energy consumption. The total amount of thermal energy is about 170 million times that of the total combustion of coal. Geothermal mainly in the Pacific Rim tropical, the Mediterranean-Himalayas tropical, the Atlantic mid-tropical land and the Red Sea-Aden Bay-Eastern Rift tropical.
Geothermal energy has brought tremendous benefits to human society development: reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency; supporting the development of environmental protection and economic agreements; continuing research and development and technological improvements; exploring business opportunities (combining geothermal energy with other renewable energy sources). China's geothermal resources are relatively abundant, mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the southeastern coastal provinces and the inland basin regions, such as Songliao Basin, North China Basin, Jianghan Basin, Weihe Basin, and numerous inter-mountain basin regions. The geothermal resource potential in China accounts for 7.9% of the world's total, and its distribution is mainly in low and medium temperatures. Except for Shanghai and Ningxia cities (districts), it covers all provinces, cities and autonomous regions.
According to a rough calculation, the total amount of geothermal resources stored in the depth of less than 2,000 meters in China's main sedimentary basin is about 4.0184 x 1019 kJ, which is equivalent to the heat output of 1.3711 x 1012 tons of standard coal. It can be calculated as 1% as recoverable quantity. The total amount of geothermal resources extracted is 4.0184×1017 kJ, which is approximately 1.3711×1010 tons of standard coal.
According to statistics of 738 geothermal surveys in China, there are only Tibetan Yangjingjing and Yangyi geothermal fields in the current high-temperature geothermal field, and the remaining are all low-temperature geothermal fields, of which 26 are medium-temperature geothermal fields with temperatures of 90°C to 150°C. 3.8% of the total number of geothermal field surveys; 708 low-temperature geothermal fields (points) below 90°C, accounting for 96% of the total number of geothermal field surveys. The average temperature of geothermal fields that have been surveyed in the country is about 55.5°C. It is mainly low- and medium-temperature geothermal resources. Due to the low temperature, it is suitable for direct and comprehensive utilization. Therefore, there is a lot of space for geothermal development and utilization in China, especially in heating and cooling. There is a bright future for geothermal energy.
China's first geothermal power project is the Yangbajing project, located in Dangxiong County, northwest of Lhasa City, and is the largest wet steam field in China. The Yangbajing geothermal power plant was successfully commissioned from the first 1 MW test unit in September 1977 to the 1991 grid-connected power generation from the 9th unit, which lasted for 14 years, with a total installed capacity of 8×3000+1×1000 kilowatts and an annual generation capacity of 110 million yuan. Kilowatt-hours, cumulative generating capacity of 1.2 billion kwh, has made significant contributions to relieving Lhasa's power shortage and promoting economic development.
China's first geothermal scale utilization company is Daqing Oilfield, and Daqing geothermal field is a water-dissolvable gas-type low-temperature geothermal field.
Another geothermal development and utilization unit of PetroChina is Huabei Oilfield. The Huabei Oilfield, located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, is rich in geothermal resources. As early as the early stage of the oilfield battle, it frequently drilled high-temperature, high-yield wells and high-produced hot wells with temperatures of 90 to 130 degrees Celsius in the former Tertiary strata. With the recent years, most of the Qianzhong buried hill oil and gas fields entered the high water cut period, the recovery of crude oil recoverable reserves reached 90%, and the comprehensive moisture content reached more than 95%. The development of geothermal resources is not only the need for energy replacement, but also the need for industrial succession, becoming a realistic choice for the sustainable development of old oil fields, and the prospects are very broad.
At present, geothermal development is on a rapid upward trend, and 72% of the application development units are real estate project companies. The commercial housing market survey shows that the use of geothermal heating and sales of hot springs for commercial housing sales are booming, and the selling price per square meter is 100-300 yuan higher than the same-grade, equivalent-level commercial housing. What attracts buyers is the use of geothermal heating to build a green ecological environment and the equivalent of "Huaqing Pool" into the indoor superior living conditions. From this we can see that the development and utilization of geothermal energy has added new vitality to the local market economy.
Geothermal development in China should pay attention to the following issues: (1) Strengthen the study of geothermal theories and applied technologies, and actively promote geothermal industrialization. Accelerate the development of basin-type geothermal resources in the eastern and northwestern China to form an industrial scale. (2) Encourage geothermal exploration and exploitation of geothermal-rich oil and gas fields. (3) Give full play to the advantages of various energy sources and achieve a virtuous circle and sustainable development. (4) Strengthen the monitoring of geothermal fields and optimize the research of thermal field development and thermal storage projects. (5) Strengthen the supporting production of geothermal equipment and achieve serialization and standardization. To develop and promote the localization of new materials that are resistant to high temperatures, corrosion and pollution, and geothermal heat pump equipment. (6) Strengthen international geothermal science and technology cooperation and exchanges and promote the development of geothermal science.
The global potential for geothermal resources is about 450,000 times of the total global energy consumption. The total amount of thermal energy is about 170 million times that of the total combustion of coal. Geothermal mainly in the Pacific Rim tropical, the Mediterranean-Himalayas tropical, the Atlantic mid-tropical land and the Red Sea-Aden Bay-Eastern Rift tropical.
Geothermal energy has brought tremendous benefits to human society development: reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency; supporting the development of environmental protection and economic agreements; continuing research and development and technological improvements; exploring business opportunities (combining geothermal energy with other renewable energy sources). China's geothermal resources are relatively abundant, mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the southeastern coastal provinces and the inland basin regions, such as Songliao Basin, North China Basin, Jianghan Basin, Weihe Basin, and numerous inter-mountain basin regions. The geothermal resource potential in China accounts for 7.9% of the world's total, and its distribution is mainly in low and medium temperatures. Except for Shanghai and Ningxia cities (districts), it covers all provinces, cities and autonomous regions.
According to a rough calculation, the total amount of geothermal resources stored in the depth of less than 2,000 meters in China's main sedimentary basin is about 4.0184 x 1019 kJ, which is equivalent to the heat output of 1.3711 x 1012 tons of standard coal. It can be calculated as 1% as recoverable quantity. The total amount of geothermal resources extracted is 4.0184×1017 kJ, which is approximately 1.3711×1010 tons of standard coal.
According to statistics of 738 geothermal surveys in China, there are only Tibetan Yangjingjing and Yangyi geothermal fields in the current high-temperature geothermal field, and the remaining are all low-temperature geothermal fields, of which 26 are medium-temperature geothermal fields with temperatures of 90°C to 150°C. 3.8% of the total number of geothermal field surveys; 708 low-temperature geothermal fields (points) below 90°C, accounting for 96% of the total number of geothermal field surveys. The average temperature of geothermal fields that have been surveyed in the country is about 55.5°C. It is mainly low- and medium-temperature geothermal resources. Due to the low temperature, it is suitable for direct and comprehensive utilization. Therefore, there is a lot of space for geothermal development and utilization in China, especially in heating and cooling. There is a bright future for geothermal energy.
China's first geothermal power project is the Yangbajing project, located in Dangxiong County, northwest of Lhasa City, and is the largest wet steam field in China. The Yangbajing geothermal power plant was successfully commissioned from the first 1 MW test unit in September 1977 to the 1991 grid-connected power generation from the 9th unit, which lasted for 14 years, with a total installed capacity of 8×3000+1×1000 kilowatts and an annual generation capacity of 110 million yuan. Kilowatt-hours, cumulative generating capacity of 1.2 billion kwh, has made significant contributions to relieving Lhasa's power shortage and promoting economic development.
China's first geothermal scale utilization company is Daqing Oilfield, and Daqing geothermal field is a water-dissolvable gas-type low-temperature geothermal field.
Another geothermal development and utilization unit of PetroChina is Huabei Oilfield. The Huabei Oilfield, located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, is rich in geothermal resources. As early as the early stage of the oilfield battle, it frequently drilled high-temperature, high-yield wells and high-produced hot wells with temperatures of 90 to 130 degrees Celsius in the former Tertiary strata. With the recent years, most of the Qianzhong buried hill oil and gas fields entered the high water cut period, the recovery of crude oil recoverable reserves reached 90%, and the comprehensive moisture content reached more than 95%. The development of geothermal resources is not only the need for energy replacement, but also the need for industrial succession, becoming a realistic choice for the sustainable development of old oil fields, and the prospects are very broad.
At present, geothermal development is on a rapid upward trend, and 72% of the application development units are real estate project companies. The commercial housing market survey shows that the use of geothermal heating and sales of hot springs for commercial housing sales are booming, and the selling price per square meter is 100-300 yuan higher than the same-grade, equivalent-level commercial housing. What attracts buyers is the use of geothermal heating to build a green ecological environment and the equivalent of "Huaqing Pool" into the indoor superior living conditions. From this we can see that the development and utilization of geothermal energy has added new vitality to the local market economy.
Geothermal development in China should pay attention to the following issues: (1) Strengthen the study of geothermal theories and applied technologies, and actively promote geothermal industrialization. Accelerate the development of basin-type geothermal resources in the eastern and northwestern China to form an industrial scale. (2) Encourage geothermal exploration and exploitation of geothermal-rich oil and gas fields. (3) Give full play to the advantages of various energy sources and achieve a virtuous circle and sustainable development. (4) Strengthen the monitoring of geothermal fields and optimize the research of thermal field development and thermal storage projects. (5) Strengthen the supporting production of geothermal equipment and achieve serialization and standardization. To develop and promote the localization of new materials that are resistant to high temperatures, corrosion and pollution, and geothermal heat pump equipment. (6) Strengthen international geothermal science and technology cooperation and exchanges and promote the development of geothermal science.