1 Plant-derived pesticide classification
Plant-derived insecticides are generally classified into five categories according to their active ingredient activity, chemical structure and use: 1 Alkaloids: mainly nicotine, matrine, basal, resveratrol, berberine, Camptothecin, etc., have various ways of acting on pests, such as poisoning, repelling, refusing food, anesthesia, and inhibiting growth and development. 2 Terpenes: including terpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, etc., such substances have repellent, antifeedant, inhibit growth and development, destroy pest information transmission and mating, both Contact and stomach toxicity. 3 Flavonoids (Flavonoids): mostly in the form of strontium or strontium, disaccharide or trisaccharide, mainly rotenone, rotenone and so on. 4 Essential oils (Essentialkoils): This kind of not only has the effects of poisoning, repelling, refusing to eat, inhibiting growth and development, but also has insect pheromones and attracting effects. It is used to prevent warehouse pests such as eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil and artemisia oil. , artemisia oil, musk essential oil, cinnamon oil, pig hair oil and so on. 5 Photoactiveted toxicity: These substances are several times or even thousands of times more harmful to pests under illumination, and they are widely present in plants. For example, α-trimethylthiophene of thiophene, myricin diacetylene of polyacetylene, hypericin of anthraquinone, xanthotoxin of coumarin, berberine of furoquinoline and the like. In addition, there are hydrocarbon acid lipids such as pyrethrum; lignans such as diethyl sulphate; steroids such as achyranthis; glycosides such as glucoside.
2 Research on plant-derived pesticides
At present, most of the researches on insecticidal plants in China include plants of the family Aphididae, Euonymus, Azalea, Rutaceae, and Cypress. The insecticides of the genus Polygonaceae are used earlier, among which Azadirachta indica, Melia toosendan, and Melia azeddacach are the main insecticidal plants in this family. Tartary buckwheat and Chuanxiong are the main genus Polygonaceae plants in China. The active ingredients of both are tetracyclic triterpenoids - Chuanxiong. The study found that the activity of scutellariae on insects mainly has antifeedant, stomach toxicity and certain growth and development inhibition effects, and can effectively control a variety of pests such as cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, citrus aphid and the like. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (fruit and vegetable net) developed with Chuanxiong as the main active ingredient has good control effects on various agricultural pests, warehouse pests and vegetable pests. Neem is an ideal insecticidal plant in the world, and its active constituents are mainly distributed in the nucleus and leaves. Dozens of citrine compounds have been isolated and identified from their seeds. The most important active ingredient is a tetracyclic triterpenoid, azadirachtin, which has antifeedant and growth regulating effects on pests. Yunnan has developed and produced a new line of pesticide azadirachtin preparations.
The insecticidal active ingredient of the Euonymus plant is a dihydrofurant furan compound. Tripterygium wilfordii and celangus are important insecticidal plants in this family. The insecticidal active ingredients of Triptoygium wilfordii are mainly wilfordine, wilforgine, wilfortrine, wil-forzine and ramine, which are mostly found in the root bark. Tripterygium wilfordii has insecticidal activity against a variety of pests such as stomach toxicity, refusal to eat, inhibition of growth and development, and avoidance of spawning, and its efficacy is fast, which is not as good as other common plant insecticides. Celastrus angulatus has good control effects against various pests such as Plutella xylostella, armyworm, and yellow squash. The Northwest A&F University uses the 0.2% bitter vine emulsifiable oil developed by the scutellaria chinensis to control the effective rate of the cabbage budworm by 90%, the effect of controlling the mites to be more than 95%, and the effective rate of controlling the diamondback moth to more than 85%.
There are three active substances in Rhododendron chinensis, Rhododendron chinense-III (R-III), kalmanol and Grayanotoxin-III, among which R-III is the main insecticidal active ingredient. Raising sheep is a highly effective soil pesticide with contact, stomach and fumigation effects. Grinding the flowers into powder can control pests such as rice borers, rice borers, leaf curlers, leafhoppers and alfalfa.
Stellera chamaejasme root ethanol extract (SCEE) has strong biological activity against cabbage butterfly larvae, Asian corn borer larvae and peach aphid. Four active ingredients (Umbelliferone, ruthenium, Stellera chamaone and β-sitosterol) have been isolated from SCEE using the activity tracking method. Studies have shown that ruthenium, leucovorin and beta-sitosterol can destroy the environment of insects and interfere with the normal metabolism of insects.
Sabina vulgaris is a plant with special insecticidal activity, high activity and stability, and has high research and development value. Sandy cypress has a stomach poison, antifeedant, and smoke killing effects on various pests. According to the study, the extract of Sabina chinensis has a certain degree of influence on the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera, and the fruit extract has the greatest influence on the cotton bollworm. In the study of its insecticidal active ingredients, one of the active ingredients isolated, deoxypodophyllotoxin, has high antifeedant and poisoning activity against pests. Studies have shown that the extract of Sabina vulgaris has different degrees of activation on the activities of carboxylesterase, protease and esterase, and has a strong inhibitory effect on the epoxy action of the main detoxification enzyme multi-functional oxidase.
The use of photoactivated substances as pesticides has received increasing attention. Some synthetic dyes have low toxicity to mammals, but they have strong insecticidal activity against pests under illumination. Compared with traditional chemical pesticides, photoactivated insecticides have the advantages of high pests, safety to non-target organisms, easy decomposition in the environment, and strong selectivity. Therefore, they are very useful as new types of pollution-free insecticides. Great development potential. The plant-derived photoactivated toxins found today include: furanocoumarins, β-thiophene and polyacetylenes, anthraquinones, and alkaloids derived from tryptophan and tyrosine (furanquinoline) and Isoquinoline base. At present, the mechanism of action of photoactivated toxins is phytodynamic and photoheno-toxic. The insecticidal active ingredient, Chenchen diacetylene, was isolated from the essential oil of Artemisia sco-paria waldst Kitaib and found to have significant photoactivated insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. The photoactivation activities of 20 extracts from 8 species of Compositae were screened to further confirm the methanol extract in the roots of marigold, the ethanol extract of the whole plant and the petroleum ether extract of the flower against Aedes albopictus and The 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens have a very obvious photoactivated poisoning effect.
Plant essential oil is a kind of secondary metabolite of plant origin. It is an oily liquid substance with a small molecular weight in the plant and can be distilled out with steam. Some plant essential oils have good deworming and insecticidal effects, and have certain functions of attracting, repelling, inhibiting growth and development. The essential oil of Artemisia argyi has antifeedant effect on the larvae of the cabbage butterfly, and its active ingredient is mainly eugenol. The essential oil of Artemisia annua L. has strong smoke-killing activity against four important warehouse pests such as rice, corn, mung bean and broad bean. In addition, the study found that the essential oils of the genus Artemisia scoparia, the scented essential oil, the cinnamon oil, the yellow oil of the tooth stalk, the essential oil of the swill, and the star anise have better control effects on the warehouse pests. In addition to high activity against pests, plant essential oils also have the advantages of being non-toxic to humans and animals, not polluting the environment, and being resistant to pests. Therefore, it is a plant-derived insecticide with broad application prospects.
(Finish)
Plant-derived insecticides are generally classified into five categories according to their active ingredient activity, chemical structure and use: 1 Alkaloids: mainly nicotine, matrine, basal, resveratrol, berberine, Camptothecin, etc., have various ways of acting on pests, such as poisoning, repelling, refusing food, anesthesia, and inhibiting growth and development. 2 Terpenes: including terpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, etc., such substances have repellent, antifeedant, inhibit growth and development, destroy pest information transmission and mating, both Contact and stomach toxicity. 3 Flavonoids (Flavonoids): mostly in the form of strontium or strontium, disaccharide or trisaccharide, mainly rotenone, rotenone and so on. 4 Essential oils (Essentialkoils): This kind of not only has the effects of poisoning, repelling, refusing to eat, inhibiting growth and development, but also has insect pheromones and attracting effects. It is used to prevent warehouse pests such as eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil and artemisia oil. , artemisia oil, musk essential oil, cinnamon oil, pig hair oil and so on. 5 Photoactiveted toxicity: These substances are several times or even thousands of times more harmful to pests under illumination, and they are widely present in plants. For example, α-trimethylthiophene of thiophene, myricin diacetylene of polyacetylene, hypericin of anthraquinone, xanthotoxin of coumarin, berberine of furoquinoline and the like. In addition, there are hydrocarbon acid lipids such as pyrethrum; lignans such as diethyl sulphate; steroids such as achyranthis; glycosides such as glucoside.
2 Research on plant-derived pesticides
At present, most of the researches on insecticidal plants in China include plants of the family Aphididae, Euonymus, Azalea, Rutaceae, and Cypress. The insecticides of the genus Polygonaceae are used earlier, among which Azadirachta indica, Melia toosendan, and Melia azeddacach are the main insecticidal plants in this family. Tartary buckwheat and Chuanxiong are the main genus Polygonaceae plants in China. The active ingredients of both are tetracyclic triterpenoids - Chuanxiong. The study found that the activity of scutellariae on insects mainly has antifeedant, stomach toxicity and certain growth and development inhibition effects, and can effectively control a variety of pests such as cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, citrus aphid and the like. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (fruit and vegetable net) developed with Chuanxiong as the main active ingredient has good control effects on various agricultural pests, warehouse pests and vegetable pests. Neem is an ideal insecticidal plant in the world, and its active constituents are mainly distributed in the nucleus and leaves. Dozens of citrine compounds have been isolated and identified from their seeds. The most important active ingredient is a tetracyclic triterpenoid, azadirachtin, which has antifeedant and growth regulating effects on pests. Yunnan has developed and produced a new line of pesticide azadirachtin preparations.
The insecticidal active ingredient of the Euonymus plant is a dihydrofurant furan compound. Tripterygium wilfordii and celangus are important insecticidal plants in this family. The insecticidal active ingredients of Triptoygium wilfordii are mainly wilfordine, wilforgine, wilfortrine, wil-forzine and ramine, which are mostly found in the root bark. Tripterygium wilfordii has insecticidal activity against a variety of pests such as stomach toxicity, refusal to eat, inhibition of growth and development, and avoidance of spawning, and its efficacy is fast, which is not as good as other common plant insecticides. Celastrus angulatus has good control effects against various pests such as Plutella xylostella, armyworm, and yellow squash. The Northwest A&F University uses the 0.2% bitter vine emulsifiable oil developed by the scutellaria chinensis to control the effective rate of the cabbage budworm by 90%, the effect of controlling the mites to be more than 95%, and the effective rate of controlling the diamondback moth to more than 85%.
There are three active substances in Rhododendron chinensis, Rhododendron chinense-III (R-III), kalmanol and Grayanotoxin-III, among which R-III is the main insecticidal active ingredient. Raising sheep is a highly effective soil pesticide with contact, stomach and fumigation effects. Grinding the flowers into powder can control pests such as rice borers, rice borers, leaf curlers, leafhoppers and alfalfa.
Stellera chamaejasme root ethanol extract (SCEE) has strong biological activity against cabbage butterfly larvae, Asian corn borer larvae and peach aphid. Four active ingredients (Umbelliferone, ruthenium, Stellera chamaone and β-sitosterol) have been isolated from SCEE using the activity tracking method. Studies have shown that ruthenium, leucovorin and beta-sitosterol can destroy the environment of insects and interfere with the normal metabolism of insects.
Sabina vulgaris is a plant with special insecticidal activity, high activity and stability, and has high research and development value. Sandy cypress has a stomach poison, antifeedant, and smoke killing effects on various pests. According to the study, the extract of Sabina chinensis has a certain degree of influence on the growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera, and the fruit extract has the greatest influence on the cotton bollworm. In the study of its insecticidal active ingredients, one of the active ingredients isolated, deoxypodophyllotoxin, has high antifeedant and poisoning activity against pests. Studies have shown that the extract of Sabina vulgaris has different degrees of activation on the activities of carboxylesterase, protease and esterase, and has a strong inhibitory effect on the epoxy action of the main detoxification enzyme multi-functional oxidase.
The use of photoactivated substances as pesticides has received increasing attention. Some synthetic dyes have low toxicity to mammals, but they have strong insecticidal activity against pests under illumination. Compared with traditional chemical pesticides, photoactivated insecticides have the advantages of high pests, safety to non-target organisms, easy decomposition in the environment, and strong selectivity. Therefore, they are very useful as new types of pollution-free insecticides. Great development potential. The plant-derived photoactivated toxins found today include: furanocoumarins, β-thiophene and polyacetylenes, anthraquinones, and alkaloids derived from tryptophan and tyrosine (furanquinoline) and Isoquinoline base. At present, the mechanism of action of photoactivated toxins is phytodynamic and photoheno-toxic. The insecticidal active ingredient, Chenchen diacetylene, was isolated from the essential oil of Artemisia sco-paria waldst Kitaib and found to have significant photoactivated insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. The photoactivation activities of 20 extracts from 8 species of Compositae were screened to further confirm the methanol extract in the roots of marigold, the ethanol extract of the whole plant and the petroleum ether extract of the flower against Aedes albopictus and The 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens have a very obvious photoactivated poisoning effect.
Plant essential oil is a kind of secondary metabolite of plant origin. It is an oily liquid substance with a small molecular weight in the plant and can be distilled out with steam. Some plant essential oils have good deworming and insecticidal effects, and have certain functions of attracting, repelling, inhibiting growth and development. The essential oil of Artemisia argyi has antifeedant effect on the larvae of the cabbage butterfly, and its active ingredient is mainly eugenol. The essential oil of Artemisia annua L. has strong smoke-killing activity against four important warehouse pests such as rice, corn, mung bean and broad bean. In addition, the study found that the essential oils of the genus Artemisia scoparia, the scented essential oil, the cinnamon oil, the yellow oil of the tooth stalk, the essential oil of the swill, and the star anise have better control effects on the warehouse pests. In addition to high activity against pests, plant essential oils also have the advantages of being non-toxic to humans and animals, not polluting the environment, and being resistant to pests. Therefore, it is a plant-derived insecticide with broad application prospects.
(Finish)
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】
Wenzhou Yili Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. , http://www.cn-faucet.com