Analysis on the Mode of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Subsidy in China

Abstract The reasons for the dystocia of the distributed photovoltaic power subsidy program are mainly due to some problems in supervision and settlement. They are clearly criticized by experts from all sides. The discussion papers and ideal operation modes are summarized as follows: 1. Before the distributed photovoltaic power subsidy program Discussion paper (encourage from...
The reason why the distributed photovoltaic power subsidy program is difficult to produce is mainly due to some problems in supervision and settlement. It is clearly criticized by experts from all sides. The discussion draft and the ideal operation mode are summarized as follows:

I. Discussion paper before the distributed photovoltaic power subsidy program (encourage spontaneous use mode)

This program mainly advocates the user's self-use form, avoiding direct transmission into the power grid, thereby taking advantage of the local consumption of distributed power generation and reducing the power transmission (transmission of power consumption). From the measurement and settlement methods, users are required to force the purchase of photovoltaic power (the investment of most PV projects is not the owner of the house, for the homeowner, hereinafter referred to as the “user”); the government will give the PV power purchased by the user The investor will subsidize the electricity price of about 0.4 yuan; if the user can't consume the photovoltaic power, it can be directly sent back to the grid, and the grid company will settle according to 1 yuan/kWh. The following is a schematic diagram of the principle of this subsidy program:

The program theoretically saves subsidies, but in fact the wool is still on the sheep. Because the grid company reduced the user's electricity sales revenue, instead of buying electricity from PV power plant investors (which is cheaper than buying electricity from the grid), the funds reduced by financial subsidies are actually borne by the grid company. If PV is heavily invested in a certain area, the grid company will have an obstructive mentality. After all, when the expenditure increases (the safety impact of photovoltaic power station operation on the grid requires the power company to supervise and supervise), the income will be reduced and will gradually be generated. Resist emotions.

The biggest hidden danger of this scheme is that it ignores the trend of diversification of distributed power generation in the future. There is a difference between PV power subsidies and other energy subsidy tariffs, and it is difficult for users to evaluate the true power source of the positive and negative net meter.

Before China's marketization of power trading was not carried out, this program became a bottleneck that hindered the development of other distributed energy sources, and it must not be widely recognized.

2. The ideal electricity subsidy mode for photovoltaic power generation at present (fixed electricity price model)

This model is a proposal put forward by the author in combination with the actual development at home and abroad. It is in line with the current development trend of the domestic market and also plays a role in supporting the development of the domestic PV application market in a certain period.

Distributed generation is aimed at large-scale centralized power plants. It has many features, distribution network side access, reduced transmission and distribution loss, and flexible settings. However, there is no clear definition of the size of distributed generation. Provisions. The author believes that the power generation facilities with a single point of access to the grid above 10,000 kilowatts (10MW) should belong to the centralized power plant rather than the distributed power station because the main boost is to 35KV or above, which belongs to the transmission network. In, not distribution side access.

The core of developing distributed power generation is to improve the efficiency of the overall system of power generation, transmission and distribution, and at the same time reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of China's GDP while economic development.
As long as the application of the above distributed power generation characteristics is beneficial to the energy efficiency improvement of the power grid, it is not necessarily limited to the grid connection at the lower end of the user's electricity meter. The terminal can be connected to the grid on the meter of the user's meter, and the power generated by the photovoltaic is mainly The user's AC bus is used by the user and does not flow into the upper-level power grid in a large amount. It only appears when the user cannot consume the photovoltaic power. At this time, the terminal is also connected to the power grid.

This access method is generally called T-connection (or bridging).

In this way, the metered settlement becomes a single mode, and the PV meter is uniformly metered by the power company. The desulfurization price is directly paid by the power company to the PV power plant investor. The additional policy POLICY's power subsidy part can be measured by the regulatory department according to the power company. The results are distributed to PV investors.

In this way, the financial model of PV investors has become firm, and there is no longer any uncertainty about the return on investment due to the amount of electricity users use. Really played a support for the photovoltaic application industry, but also let PV power plant investors have relatively fixed expectations for earnings, and increased the enthusiasm of investors.

Third, the outlook

The contract energy management model before the initial installation subsidy of PV power plants actually violates the relevant provisions of the Electricity Law. Investors directly sell electricity to users, and the revenue of the power grid has been affected. (Under the current system, the power grid is a wholly state-owned enterprise, and its operating profit and loss It is directly linked to the financial system) and it is difficult to continue in the long run. Of course, power law reform is a must, but in the current moment when the photovoltaic industry needs rapid support, it is obviously not possible to achieve it in the short term. The second mode will avoid this situation and can be quickly promoted.

Moreover, in view of the current deepening of power reform, the electricity bill settlement model is also constantly changing. In addition to the introduction of peak and valley measurement and settlement, the future may need to be subdivided into more time periods, so there are variables in the settlement of PV and users, which will also lead to Investors' uncertainty about earnings expectations has increased. Spontaneous use mode also causes negotiations between investors and users to become more complicated, because negotiations involving roof leasing, construction coordination, electricity bill settlement (direct settlement and indirect settlement) are actually tying users to the power station. The role of investment participants, this will make many users discouraged, and will certainly lead to the appreciation of the power subsidy policy!

If you follow the fixed electricity price model, please do something quickly, find the roof and sign the lease! Because once the policy is introduced, the roof rental price will at least double. Afterwards, a large number of surprise attacks on China in the short term led to the domestic industry being in trouble.

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