On March 16th, the national outline of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†proposed: Actively develop new energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy. Promote the popularization and application of distributed energy systems. Japan’s nuclear leakage has also caused geothermal development to culminate. Shen Yiyang, senior energy and carbon expert at the Asian Development Bank, said: “Geothermal energy is one of the most realistic and competitive energy sources for new energy, but geothermal energy is a new generation of wind energy, solar energy, and nuclear energy. Energy does not pay much attention."
Great Geothermal Energy Potential China is a country rich in geothermal resources. It has identified 49.17 billion cubic meters of underground hot water resources in sedimentary basins in the central and eastern part of China. The energy they contain is equivalent to 1.854 billion tons of standard coal. Compared with renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, geothermal resources are safe, stable, free from seasonal and day-to-day changes, clean, low-carbon, and renewable.
Geothermal energy is a kind of energy from the Earth's interior. It is estimated that the geothermal energy resources are approximately 170 million times of the global coal reserves. Each year, the amount of heat dissipated from the Earth's interior through the surface is equivalent to the thermal equivalent of 100 billion barrels of oil. Compared with solar energy, the utilization factor of geothermal energy is as high as 73%. At present, China’s geothermal development and utilization is about 500 million cubic meters, and it grows at a rate of 10% per year. However, the proportion of geothermal energy in China’s entire energy system is still very small. .
The data released at the 2010 World Geothermal Conference held in Bali, Indonesia last year shows that China has become the world’s largest country in terms of thermal energy use, ranking first in the world; the United States has occupied the world's largest installed capacity and generation of geothermal power. .
As a new energy source, geothermal development is becoming a consensus of the global energy industry. It is understood that there are currently three ways to use geothermal energy: steam power generation, direct use of medium-low temperature fluids, and ground-source heat pumps. Among them, because the advantage of energy-saving and emission reduction of ground-source heat pump has been widely recognized by the general public and has become a new investment hot spot, the growth of ground-source heat pump has far exceeded the development speed of direct use of geothermal heat and high-temperature geothermal power, and has taken precedence. Widely used in North America, Europe, and China. At present, the United States, China, Sweden, Norway, and Germany are the countries with a wide range of applications for ground-source heat pumps.
In the last century, European and American countries listed geothermal resources as an alternative energy source for priority development and utilization. Among them, Iceland has a wide range of geothermal applications. At present, 85% of homes in Iceland are using geothermal heating for heating. In the Philippines, electricity supply to Asian countries has accounted for 21% of geothermal energy in 2002.
Although some of China's geothermal technologies and ground-source heat pump utilization are leading in the world, their visibility and popularity in China are far from enough. The foreign giants have quietly entered China and intend to seize the huge domestic geothermal market.
Wang Jijun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that geothermal power has huge potential for power generation. It is expected that the installed capacity of geothermal power generation is expected to reach 70 GW by 2050. If new technologies are used, the installed capacity can be doubled, and geothermal power generation can provide 8.3% of global power supply. . If geothermal power is used instead of coal-fired power generation, CO2 emissions will be reduced by 1 billion tons annually by 2050, and by replacing natural gas, CO2 emissions will be reduced by 500 million tons annually.
Problems faced by geothermal development China's geothermal resources have been developed and utilized since the 1970s. By the late 1980s, the world has begun to attempt to develop shallow geothermal energy and apply it through ground source heat pump technology. In the last century, China has set off a nationwide boom in geothermal exploration and development. However, the development of geothermal resources still faces many problems.
First, geothermal utilization technology bottlenecks. It is understood that Zheng Kezheng, director of the Geothermal Expert Committee of the China Energy Research Institute, said that currently geothermal applications are divided into three levels: 150 °C to 300 °C high-temperature geothermal, which is most cost-effective for power generation; 150 °C to 90 °C are medium-temperature, can generate electricity and House heating; below 90°C is low-temperature geothermal heat, and can be used directly for bathing, medical treatment, heating, greenhouse planting, and aquaculture.
Most geothermal resources in China are low-temperature geothermal, and high-temperature geothermal heat is mainly concentrated in Yangbajing in Tibet and Tengchong in western Yunnan. At present, the key technological progress in the field of geothermal utilization in China is slow.
United Technologies Corporation (UTC) has mastered the advanced technology of geothermic low-temperature utilization in the world. China's large-scale development of low-temperature geothermal resources has to resort to foreign technology.
Second, the level of geothermal resources exploration and development in our country is not enough. It is understood that China has not yet fully grasped the release of domestic geothermal resources. After the economic system gradually shifted to a market economy, related geothermal research and exploration were greatly affected by the loss of support for the original operating expenses.
Although China’s direct development and utilization of geothermal non-electricity has ranked first in the world, geothermal power generation installed capacity ranks only 16th in the world. In 24 countries where geothermal power stations have been built, the total geothermal capacity and annual power generation are 10,715 megawatts and 612 megawatts respectively. China's geothermal installed capacity is only 25 megawatts, and development efforts are obviously not enough. Although the geothermal heating and ground source heat pump industry has received support from the national policy, it has not formed a model for comprehensive utilization of resource cascade development and the development is not enough.
Therefore, the state should carry out investigation and research on geothermal resources suitable for power generation; carry out nationwide geothermal resources evaluation and zoning, and identify key geothermal development areas with economic development value in China and carry out key development and utilization.
Thirdly, there is a lack of a standard system for the application of ground source heat pump technology. Li Yuanpu, head of the geothermal heat pump professional group of the China Renewable Energy Society pointed out: On the one hand, China lacks a comprehensive ground source heat pump manufacturing standard and application specification, resulting in many ground source heat pump projects. The system fails to meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, which is not conducive to large-scale marketing; on the other hand, China’s government subsidies and management systems are not sound enough, and the supervision and management of geothermal projects is not strict, resulting in low energy efficiency of subsidized projects. . In the field of geothermal project investment, China should carry out scientific guidance, build a unified ground source heat pump standard system, and improve the system's reliability and energy conservation from the source. At the same time, gradually improve the standards and norms.
Finally, there are few talents for geothermal development and utilization in China. At present, there is a shortage of geothermal R&D personnel in China and the overall level of technology is not high. The entire research team is only 100 people in size, and it lags far behind the research team in renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy. The cultivation of compound talents who understand both surface technology and underground exploration is essential for the large-scale development of geothermal resources.
In the context of China's promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, geothermal resources are rich in potential, and geothermal power generation technology is mature. Although the investment cost is slightly higher, it can achieve competitive commercial applications and play a role in China's energy structure.
Wang Jijun suggested that under the framework of the “Renewable Energy Law,†a series of supporting regulations, policies, and preferential support policies should be formulated. In accordance with the state subsidy of solar, wind, and biomass power generation, incentive mechanisms should be implemented for geothermal power generation to ensure that China The sustainable development of geothermal power generation.
Great Geothermal Energy Potential China is a country rich in geothermal resources. It has identified 49.17 billion cubic meters of underground hot water resources in sedimentary basins in the central and eastern part of China. The energy they contain is equivalent to 1.854 billion tons of standard coal. Compared with renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, geothermal resources are safe, stable, free from seasonal and day-to-day changes, clean, low-carbon, and renewable.
Geothermal energy is a kind of energy from the Earth's interior. It is estimated that the geothermal energy resources are approximately 170 million times of the global coal reserves. Each year, the amount of heat dissipated from the Earth's interior through the surface is equivalent to the thermal equivalent of 100 billion barrels of oil. Compared with solar energy, the utilization factor of geothermal energy is as high as 73%. At present, China’s geothermal development and utilization is about 500 million cubic meters, and it grows at a rate of 10% per year. However, the proportion of geothermal energy in China’s entire energy system is still very small. .
The data released at the 2010 World Geothermal Conference held in Bali, Indonesia last year shows that China has become the world’s largest country in terms of thermal energy use, ranking first in the world; the United States has occupied the world's largest installed capacity and generation of geothermal power. .
As a new energy source, geothermal development is becoming a consensus of the global energy industry. It is understood that there are currently three ways to use geothermal energy: steam power generation, direct use of medium-low temperature fluids, and ground-source heat pumps. Among them, because the advantage of energy-saving and emission reduction of ground-source heat pump has been widely recognized by the general public and has become a new investment hot spot, the growth of ground-source heat pump has far exceeded the development speed of direct use of geothermal heat and high-temperature geothermal power, and has taken precedence. Widely used in North America, Europe, and China. At present, the United States, China, Sweden, Norway, and Germany are the countries with a wide range of applications for ground-source heat pumps.
In the last century, European and American countries listed geothermal resources as an alternative energy source for priority development and utilization. Among them, Iceland has a wide range of geothermal applications. At present, 85% of homes in Iceland are using geothermal heating for heating. In the Philippines, electricity supply to Asian countries has accounted for 21% of geothermal energy in 2002.
Although some of China's geothermal technologies and ground-source heat pump utilization are leading in the world, their visibility and popularity in China are far from enough. The foreign giants have quietly entered China and intend to seize the huge domestic geothermal market.
Wang Jijun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that geothermal power has huge potential for power generation. It is expected that the installed capacity of geothermal power generation is expected to reach 70 GW by 2050. If new technologies are used, the installed capacity can be doubled, and geothermal power generation can provide 8.3% of global power supply. . If geothermal power is used instead of coal-fired power generation, CO2 emissions will be reduced by 1 billion tons annually by 2050, and by replacing natural gas, CO2 emissions will be reduced by 500 million tons annually.
Problems faced by geothermal development China's geothermal resources have been developed and utilized since the 1970s. By the late 1980s, the world has begun to attempt to develop shallow geothermal energy and apply it through ground source heat pump technology. In the last century, China has set off a nationwide boom in geothermal exploration and development. However, the development of geothermal resources still faces many problems.
First, geothermal utilization technology bottlenecks. It is understood that Zheng Kezheng, director of the Geothermal Expert Committee of the China Energy Research Institute, said that currently geothermal applications are divided into three levels: 150 °C to 300 °C high-temperature geothermal, which is most cost-effective for power generation; 150 °C to 90 °C are medium-temperature, can generate electricity and House heating; below 90°C is low-temperature geothermal heat, and can be used directly for bathing, medical treatment, heating, greenhouse planting, and aquaculture.
Most geothermal resources in China are low-temperature geothermal, and high-temperature geothermal heat is mainly concentrated in Yangbajing in Tibet and Tengchong in western Yunnan. At present, the key technological progress in the field of geothermal utilization in China is slow.
United Technologies Corporation (UTC) has mastered the advanced technology of geothermic low-temperature utilization in the world. China's large-scale development of low-temperature geothermal resources has to resort to foreign technology.
Second, the level of geothermal resources exploration and development in our country is not enough. It is understood that China has not yet fully grasped the release of domestic geothermal resources. After the economic system gradually shifted to a market economy, related geothermal research and exploration were greatly affected by the loss of support for the original operating expenses.
Although China’s direct development and utilization of geothermal non-electricity has ranked first in the world, geothermal power generation installed capacity ranks only 16th in the world. In 24 countries where geothermal power stations have been built, the total geothermal capacity and annual power generation are 10,715 megawatts and 612 megawatts respectively. China's geothermal installed capacity is only 25 megawatts, and development efforts are obviously not enough. Although the geothermal heating and ground source heat pump industry has received support from the national policy, it has not formed a model for comprehensive utilization of resource cascade development and the development is not enough.
Therefore, the state should carry out investigation and research on geothermal resources suitable for power generation; carry out nationwide geothermal resources evaluation and zoning, and identify key geothermal development areas with economic development value in China and carry out key development and utilization.
Thirdly, there is a lack of a standard system for the application of ground source heat pump technology. Li Yuanpu, head of the geothermal heat pump professional group of the China Renewable Energy Society pointed out: On the one hand, China lacks a comprehensive ground source heat pump manufacturing standard and application specification, resulting in many ground source heat pump projects. The system fails to meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, which is not conducive to large-scale marketing; on the other hand, China’s government subsidies and management systems are not sound enough, and the supervision and management of geothermal projects is not strict, resulting in low energy efficiency of subsidized projects. . In the field of geothermal project investment, China should carry out scientific guidance, build a unified ground source heat pump standard system, and improve the system's reliability and energy conservation from the source. At the same time, gradually improve the standards and norms.
Finally, there are few talents for geothermal development and utilization in China. At present, there is a shortage of geothermal R&D personnel in China and the overall level of technology is not high. The entire research team is only 100 people in size, and it lags far behind the research team in renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy. The cultivation of compound talents who understand both surface technology and underground exploration is essential for the large-scale development of geothermal resources.
In the context of China's promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, geothermal resources are rich in potential, and geothermal power generation technology is mature. Although the investment cost is slightly higher, it can achieve competitive commercial applications and play a role in China's energy structure.
Wang Jijun suggested that under the framework of the “Renewable Energy Law,†a series of supporting regulations, policies, and preferential support policies should be formulated. In accordance with the state subsidy of solar, wind, and biomass power generation, incentive mechanisms should be implemented for geothermal power generation to ensure that China The sustainable development of geothermal power generation.
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